{PDOC00027} {PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1} {PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2} {BEGIN} ******************************************* * 'Homeobox' domain signature and profile * ******************************************* The 'homeobox' is a protein domain of 60 amino acids [1 to 5] first identified in a number of Drosophila homeotic and segmentation proteins. It has since been found to be extremely well conserved in many other animals, including vertebrates. This domain binds DNA through a helix-turn-helix type of structure. Some of the proteins which contain a homeobox domain play an important role in development. Most of these proteins are known to be sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factors. The homeobox domain has also been found to be very similar to a region of the yeast mating type proteins. These are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. A schematic representation of the homeobox domain is shown below. The helix-turn-helix region is shown by the symbols 'H' (for helix), and 't' (for turn). xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxHHHHHHHHtttHHHHHHHHHxxxxxxxxxx | | | | | | | 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 The pattern we developed to detect homeobox sequences is 24 residues long and spans positions 34 to 57 of the homeobox domain. -Consensus pattern: [LIVMFYG]-[ASLVR]-x(2)-[LIVMSTACN]-x-[LIVM]-{Y}-x(2)-{L}- [LIV]-[RKNQESTAIY]-[LIVFSTNKH]-W-[FYVC]-x-[NDQTAH]-x(5)- [RKNAIMW] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for 10 sequences. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 9. -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Note: Proteins which contain a homeobox domain can be classified, on the basis of their sequence characteristics, into various subfamilies. We have developed specific patterns for conserved elements of the antennapedia, engrailed and paired families. -Expert(s) to contact by email: Buerglin T.R.; burglin@ubaclu.unibas.ch -Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised. [ 1] Gehring W.J. (In) Guidebook to the homebox genes, Duboule D., Ed., pp1-10, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1994). [ 2] Buerglin T.R. (In) Guidebook to the homebox genes, Duboule D., Ed., pp25-72, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1994). [ 3] Gehring W.J. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:277-280(1992). [ 4] Gehring W.J., Hiromi Y. "Homeotic genes and the homeobox." Annu. Rev. Genet. 20:147-173(1986). PubMed=2880555; DOI=10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.001051 [ 5] Schofield P.N. Trends Neurosci. 10:3-6(1987). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}