PROSITE documentation PDOC00061

Aldo/keto reductase family signatures

Description

The aldo-keto reductase family [1,2] groups together a number of structurally and functionally related NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases as well as some other proteins. The proteins known to belong to this family are:

  • Aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2).
  • Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21).
  • 3-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50), which terminates androgen action by converting 5-α-dihydrotestosterone to 3-α- androstanediol.
  • Prostaglandin F synthase (EC 1.1.1.188) which catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandins H2 and D2 to F2-α.
  • D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.200) from apple.
  • Morphine 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.218) from Pseudomonas putida plasmid pMDH7.2 (gene morA).
  • Chlordecone reductase (EC 1.1.1.225) which reduces the pesticide chlordecone (kepone) to the corresponding alcohol.
  • 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase (EC 1.1.1.274) which catalyzes the reduction of 2,5-diketogluconic acid to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, a key intermediate in the production of ascorbic acid.
  • NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.-) from the yeast Pichia stipitis. This enzyme reduces xylose into xylit.
  • Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20).
  • 3-oxo-5-β-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.6) which catalyzes the reduction of delta(4)-3-oxosteroids.
  • A soybean reductase, which co-acts with chalcone synthase in the formation of 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone.
  • Frog eye lens rho crystallin.
  • Yeast GCY protein, whose function is not known.
  • Leishmania major P110/11E protein. P110/11E is a developmentally regulated protein whose abundance is markedly elevated in promastigotes compared with amastigotes. Its exact function is not yet known.
  • Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yafB.
  • Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yghE.
  • Yeast hypothetical protein YBR149w.
  • Yeast hypothetical protein YHR104w.
  • Yeast hypothetical protein YJR096w.

These proteins have all about 300 amino acid residues. We derived 3 consensus patterns specific to this family of proteins. The first one is located in the N-terminal section of these proteins. The second pattern is located in the central section. The third pattern, located in the C-terminal, is centered on a lysine residue whose chemical modification, in aldose and aldehyde reductases, affect the catalytic efficiency.

Last update:

April 2006 / Patterns revised.

Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_1, PS00798; Aldo/keto reductase family signature 1  (PATTERN)
Consensus pattern: G-[FY]-R-[HSAL]-[LIVMF]-D-[STAGCL]-[AS]-x(5)-[EQ]-x(2)-[LIVMCA]-[GS]
Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL
Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00798
• Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00798
• Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00798
• view ligand binding statistics
Matching PDB structures: 1A80 1ABN 1ADS 1AE4 ... [ALL]
ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_2, PS00062; Aldo/keto reductase family signature 2  (PATTERN)
Consensus pattern: [LIVMFY]-x(8)-{L}-[KREQ]-{K}-[LIVM]-G-[LIVM]-[SC]-N-[FY]
Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for morA
Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 5.
• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00062
• Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00062
• Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00062
• view ligand binding statistics
Matching PDB structures: 1ABN 1ADS 1AE4 1AFS ... [ALL]
ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_3, PS00063; Aldo/keto reductase family putative active site signature  (PATTERN)
Consensus pattern: [LIVM]-[PAIV]-[KR]-[ST]-{EPQG}-{RFI}-x(2)-R-{SVAF}-x-[GSTAEQK]-[NSL]-x-{LVRI}-[LIVMFA]
K may be the active site residue
Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for yafB
Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 41.
• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00063
• Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00063
• Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00063
• view ligand binding statistics
Matching PDB structures: 1ABN 1ADS 1AE4 1AFS ... [ALL]

References

1 Authors Bohren K.M., Bullock B., Wermuth B., Gabbay K.H.
Title The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases.
Source J. Biol. Chem. 264:9547-9551(1989).
PubMed ID 2498333
2 Authors Bruce N.C., Willey D.L., Coulson A.F.M., Jeffery J.
Title Bacterial morphine dehydrogenase further defines a distinct superfamily of oxidoreductases with diverse functional activities.
Source Biochem. J. 299:805-811(1994).
PubMed ID 8192670

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