 |
|
| PROSITE documentation PDOC00165 |
Isopenicillin N synthase signatures
Description:
Isopenicillin N synthase (EC 1.21.3.1) (IPNS) [1,2] is a key enzyme in the
biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin. In the presence of oxygen, it
removes iron and ascorbate, four hydrogen atoms from L-(α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-d-valine to form the azetidinone and thiazolidine rings of
isopenicillin. IPNS is an enzyme of about 330 amino-acid residues. Two
cysteines are conserved in fungal and bacterial IPNS sequences; these may
be involved in iron-binding and/or substrate-binding.
Cephalosporium acremonium DAOCS/DACS [3] is a bifunctional enzyme involved in
cephalosporin biosynthesis. The DAOCS domain, which is structurally related to
IPNS, catalyzes the step from penicillin N to deacetoxy-cephalosporin C - used
as a substrate by DACS to form deacetylcephalosporin C. Streptomyces
clavuligerus possesses a monofunctional DAOCS enzyme (gene cefE) [4] also
related to IPNS.
We derived two signature patterns for these enzymes, centered around the
conserved cysteine residues.
Last update:
May 2004 / Text revised.
Technical section:
PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| IPNS_1, PS00185; Isopenicillin N synthase signature 1 (PATTERN) |
| Consensus pattern: |
[RK]-x-[STA]-x(2)-S-x-C-Y-[SL]
C may be an active site residue |
| Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: |
ALL, except for Streptomyces clavuligerus DAOCS which has Ser in the first position of the pattern |
| Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: |
6. |
|
|
|
| Matching PDB structures:
1BK0 1BLZ 1HB1 1HB2 ... [ALL] |
| IPNS_2, PS00186; Isopenicillin N synthase signature 2 (PATTERN) |
| Consensus pattern: |
[LIVM](2)-x-C-G-[STA]-x(2)-[STAG]-x(2)-T-x-[DNG]
C may be an active site residue |
| Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: |
ALL, except for Nocardia lactamdurans IPNS |
| Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: |
NONE. |
|
|
|
| Matching PDB structures:
1BK0 1BLZ 1DCS 1E5H ... [ALL] |
References:
| 1 |
Authors | Martin J.F. |
| Source | Trends Biotechnol. 5:306-308(1987). |
| 2 |
Authors | Chen G., Shiffman D., Mevarech M., Aharonowitz Y. |
| Source | Trends Biotechnol. 8:105-111(1990). |
| 3 |
Authors | Samson S.M., Dotzlaf J.E., Slisz M.L., Becker G.W., van Frank R.M., Veal L.E., Yeh W.K., Miller J.R., Queener S.W., Ingolia T.D. |
| Source | Bio/Technology 5:1207-1214(1987). |
| 4 |
Authors | Kovacevic S., Weigel B.J., Tobin M.B., Ingolia T.D., Miller J.R. |
| Title | Cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of the Streptomyces clavuligerus gene encoding deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase. |
| Source | J. Bacteriol. 171:754-760(1989). |
| PubMed ID | 2644235 |
Copyright:
PROSITE is copyright. It is produced by the Swiss Institute of
Bioinformatics (SIB). There are no restrictions on its use by non-profit
institutions as long as its content is in no way modified. Usage by and
for commercial entities requires a license agreement. For information
about the licensing scheme send an email to license@isb-sib.ch or
see: http://www.expasy.org/prosite/prosite_license.htm.
Miscellaneous:
View entry in original PROSITE document format
View entry in raw text format (no links)