{PDOC00238}
{PS00265; PANCREATIC_HORMONE_1}
{PS50276; PANCREATIC_HORMONE_2}
{BEGIN}
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* Pancreatic hormone family signature and profile *
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Pancreatic hormone (PP) [1] is a  peptide  synthesized in pancreatic islets of
Langherhans, which  acts    as  a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal
functions.   A  number of other  active peptides  are homologous to pancreatic
hormone:

 - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)  [2],  one  of  the  most  abundant  peptides  in  the
   mammalian nervous system.  NPY is implicated in the control  of feeding and
   the secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
 - Peptide YY  (PYY)  [3].  PPY  is  a  gut  peptide  that  inhibits  exocrine
   pancreatic secretion, has a  vasoconstrictory  action  and inhibits jejunal
   and colonic mobility.
 - Various NPY and PYY-like polypeptides from fish and amphibians [4,5].
 - Neuropeptide F (NPF) from invertebrates such as worms and snail [6].
 - Skin  peptide Tyr-Tyr (SPYY) from the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. SPYY shows
   a large spectra of antibacterial and antifungal activity.

All these  peptides  are 36 to 39 amino acids long. Like most active peptides,
their C-terminal  is  amidated  and  they  are  synthesized  as larger protein
precursors. The  signature  for  these  peptides  is  based  on the last 17 C-
terminal residues,  where  three positions are completely conserved. A profile
was also developed that spans the whole peptide.

-Consensus pattern: [FY]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(2)-Y-x(3)-[LIVMFY]-x-R-x-R-[YF]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 1.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: December 2001 / Text revised; profile added.

[ 1] Blundell T.L., Humbel R.E.
     "Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth
     factors."
     Nature 287:781-787(1980).
     PubMed=6107857
[ 2] Allen J., Novotny J., Martin J., Heinrich G.
     "Molecular structure of mammalian neuropeptide Y: analysis by
     molecular cloning and computer-aided comparison with crystal structure
     of avian homologue."
     Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:2532-2536(1987).
     PubMed=3031687
[ 3] Tatemoto K.
     "Isolation and characterization of peptide YY (PYY), a candidate gut
     hormone that inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion."
     Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:2514-2518(1982).
     PubMed=6953409
[ 4] Jensen J., Conlon J.M.
     "Characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and
     peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of
     teleost fish."
     Eur. J. Biochem. 210:405-410(1992).
     PubMed=1459125
[ 5] Conlon J.M., Chartrel N., Vaudry H.
     "Primary structure of frog PYY: implications for the molecular
     evolution of the pancreatic polypeptide family."
     Peptides 13:145-149(1992).
     PubMed=1620652
[ 6] Curry W.J., Shaw C., Johnston C.F., Thim L., Buchanan K.D.
     Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101C:269-274(1992).

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