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A number of eukaryotic acetyltransferases can be, on the basis of sequence similarities, grouped together into a family. These enzymes are:

• Choline o-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) (ChoAcTase), an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine [1].
• Carnitine o-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) [2].
• Peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.-) (COT), a fatty acid β-oxidation pathway enzyme which is involved in the transport of medium- chain acyl-coenzyme A's from peroxisome to mitochondria [3].
• Mitochondrial carnitine O-palmitoyltransferases I and II (EC 2.3.1.21) (CPT), enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and transport [4].
• Yeast hypothetical protein YER024w.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae putative acetyltransferase C09_orf600.

These enzymes share many regions of sequence similarities. As signature patterns we selected two of these regions. The first one, located in the N-terminal section of these enzymes is characterized by the presence of three [LIVM]-P dipeptides. The second region, located in the central part of these enzymes is characterized by the conservation of a number of charged residues including an histidine which probably plays a crucial role in the catalytic mechanism [5].

December 2004 / Patterns and text revised.

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

ACYLTRANSF_C_1, PS00439; Acyltransferases ChoActase / COT / CPT family signature 1  (PATTERN)

Consensus pattern: [LI]-[PK]-x-[LVPQ]-P-[IVTAL]-P-x-[LIVMA]-x-[DENQAS]-[ST]-[LIVMA]-x(2)-[LY] Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except 4 Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:   Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format • Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment • Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00439 • Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00439 • Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00439 • view ligand binding statistics

Matching PDB structures: 1NDB 1NDF 1NDI 1NM8 ... [ALL]

ACYLTRANSF_C_2, PS00440; Acyltransferases ChoActase / COT / CPT family signature 2  (PATTERN)

Consensus pattern: R-[FYW]-x-[DA]-[KA]-x(0,1)-[LIVMFY]-x-[LIVMFY](2)-x(3)-[DNS]-[GSA]-x(6)-[DE]-[HS]-x(3)-[DE]-[GAC] H may be an active site residue Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:   Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format • Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment • Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00440 • Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00440 • Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00440 • view ligand binding statistics

Matching PDB structures: 1NDB 1NDF 1NDI 1NM8 ... [ALL]

1	Authors	Berrard S., Brice A., Lottspeich F., Braun A., Barde Y.-A., Mallet J.
	Title	cDNA cloning and complete sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase: in vitro translation of the corresponding RNA yields an active protein.
	Source	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:9280-9284(1987).
	PubMed ID	3480542

2	Authors	Kispal G., Sumegi B., Dietmeier K., Bock I., Gajdos G., Tomcsanyi T., Sandor A.
	Title	Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding Saccharomyces cerevisiae carnitine acetyltransferase. Use of the cDNA in gene disruption studies.
	Source	J. Biol. Chem. 268:1824-1829(1993).
	PubMed ID	8420957

3	Authors	Chatterjee B., Song C.S., Kim J.-M., Roy A.K.
	Title	Cloning, sequencing, and regulation of rat liver carnitine octanoyltransferase: transcriptional stimulation of the enzyme during peroxisome proliferation.
	Source	Biochemistry 27:9000-9006(1988).
	PubMed ID	3233218

4	Authors	Esser V., Britton C.H., Weis B.C., Foster D.W., McGarry J.D.
	Title	Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA encoding rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Direct evidence that a single polypeptide is involved in inhibitor interaction and catalytic function.
	Source	J. Biol. Chem. 268:5817-5822(1993).
	PubMed ID	8449948

5	Authors	Schmalix W., Bandlow W.
	Title	The ethanol-inducible YAT1 gene from yeast encodes a presumptive mitochondrial outer carnitine acetyltransferase.
	Source	J. Biol. Chem. 268:27428-27439(1993).
	PubMed ID	8262985

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