{PDOC00421}
{PS00505; PEPCK_GTP}
{BEGIN}
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* Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) signature *
*****************************************************

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)  (EC 4.1.1.32)  (PEPCK)  [1] catalyzes
the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate by decarboxylation of  oxaloacetate while
hydrolyzing GTP, a rate limiting step in  gluconeogenesis (the biosynthesis of
glucose).  In vertebrates there  are  two  isozymes: a  cytosolic  form  whose
activity is affected by hormones  regulating  this  metabolic process (such as
glucagon, or insulin) and a mitochondrial form.

An essential  cysteine residue has been  proposed [2] to  be implicated in the
catalytic mechanism; this residue is  located in the central part of PEPCK and
is in the center of  a  perfectly  conserved region that we use as a signature
pattern.

-Consensus pattern: [FY]-P-S-[AGMS]-C-G-K-T-[NS]
                    [C may be the active site residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Note: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase  (ATP)  (EC 4.1.1.49)  an enzyme that
 catalyzes the same reaction, but  using ATP instead of GTP, is not related to
 the above enzyme (see <PDOC00460>).

-Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised.

[ 1] Weldon S.L., Rando A., Matathias A.S., Hod Y., Kalonick P.A.,
     Savon S., Cook J.S., Hanson R.W.
     "Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the chicken.
     Comparison of the cDNA and protein sequences with the cytosolic
     isozyme."
     J. Biol. Chem. 265:7308-7317(1990).
     PubMed=2110163
[ 2] Lewis C.T., Seyer J.M., Carlson G.M.
     "Cysteine 288: an essential hyperreactive thiol of cytosolic
     phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)."
     J. Biol. Chem. 264:27-33(1989).
     PubMed=2909519

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