PROSITE documentation PDOC00469HlyD family secretion proteins signature
Gram-negative bacteria produce a number of proteins which are secreted into the growth medium by a mechanism that does not require a cleaved N-terminal signal sequence. These proteins, while having different functions, require the help of two or more proteins for their secretion across the cell envelope. Amongst which a protein belonging to the ABC transporters family (see the relevant entry <PDOC00185>) and a protein belonging to a family which is currently composed [1,2,3,4,5] of the following members:
Gene Species Protein which is exported
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hlyD Escherichia coli Hemolysin
appD A.pleuropneumoniae Hemolysin
lcnD Lactococcus lactis Lactococcin A
lktD A.actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin
Pasteurella haemolytica
rtxD A.pleuropneumoniae Toxin-III
cyaD Bordetella pertussis Calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase-
hemolysin (cyclolysin)
cvaA Escherichia coli Colicin V
prtE Erwinia chrysanthemi Extracellular proteases B and C
aprE Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alkaline protease
emrA Escherichia coli Drugs and toxins
yjcR Escherichia coli Unknown
These proteins are evolutionary related and consist of from 390 to 480 amino acid residues. They seem to be anchored in the inner membrane by a N-terminal transmembrane region. Their exact role in the secretion process is not yet known.
The C-terminal section of these proteins is the best conserved region; we have derived a signature pattern from that region.
Last update:December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Gilson L. Mahanty H.K. Kolter R. |
| Title | Genetic analysis of an MDR-like export system: the secretion of colicin V. | |
| Source | EMBO J. 9:3875-3894(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2249654 |
| 2 | Authors | Letoffe S. Delepelaire P. Wandersman C. |
| Title | Protease secretion by Erwinia chrysanthemi: the specific secretion functions are analogous to those of Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin. | |
| Source | EMBO J. 9:1375-1382(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2184029 |
| 3 | Authors | Stoddard G.W. Petzel J.P. van Belkum M.J. Kok J. McKay L.L. |
| Title | Molecular analyses of the lactococcin A gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis WM4. | |
| Source | Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:1952-1961(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1622271 |
| 4 | Authors | Duong F. Lazdunski A. Cami B. Murgier M. |
| Title | Sequence of a cluster of genes controlling synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: relationships to other secretory pathways. | |
| Source | Gene 121:47-54(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1427098 |
| 5 | Authors | Lewis K. |
| Title | Multidrug resistance pumps in bacteria: variations on a theme. | |
| Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:119-123(1994). | |
| PubMed ID | 8203018 |
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