{PDOC00623} {PS00779; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_1} {PS00780; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_2} {PS50277; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_3} {BEGIN} ************************************************************ * Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain signatures and profile * ************************************************************ Glycoprotein hormones [1,2] (or gonadotropins) are a family of proteins which include the mammalian hormones follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LSH), thyrotropin (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. All these hormones consist of two glycosylated chains (alpha and beta). In mammalian gonadotropins, the alpha chain is identical in the four types of hormones but the beta chains, while homologous, are different. The alpha chains are highly conserved proteins of about 100 amino acid residues which contain ten conserved cysteines all involved in disulfide bonds [3], as shown in the following schematic representation. +---------------------------+ +----------+| +-------------|--+ | **||*** | | | xxxxCxCxxxxxxCxCCxxxxxxxxxxxxxCCxxxxxxxxxxCxCxxCx | | | *|****** +------|-----------------+ | | | +----------------------------+ 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond. '*': position of the patterns. We have developed two patterns for these hormones. Each of them contains three of the conserved cysteines. We also developed a profile including the two regions covered by the patterns. -Consensus pattern: C-x-G-C-C-[FY]-S-[RQS]-A-[FY]-P-T-P [The 3 C's are involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Consensus pattern: N-H-T-x-C-x-C-x-T-C-x(2)-H-K [The 3 C's are involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Expert(s) to contact by email: Lapthorn A.; adrian@chem.gla.ac.uk -Last update: December 2004 / Pattern and text revised. [ 1] Pierce J.G., Parsons T.F. "Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function." Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50:465-495(1981). PubMed=6267989; DOI=10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341 [ 2] Stockell Hartree A., Renwick A.G.C. Biochem. J. 287:665-679(1992). [ 3] Lapthorn A.J., Harris D.C., Littlejohn A., Lustbader J.W., Canfield R.E., Machin K.J., Morgan F.J., Isaacs N.W. "Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin." Nature 369:455-461(1994). PubMed=8202136; DOI=10.1038/369455a0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}