{PDOC00674}
{PS00862; OX2_COVAL_FAD}
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* Oxygen oxidoreductases covalent FAD-binding site *
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Some oxygen-dependent   oxidoreductases  are  flavoproteins  that  contains  a
covalently bound  FAD  group  which is attached to a histidine via an 8-alpha-
(N3-histidyl)-riboflavin linkage. These proteins are:

 - (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.6) (6-HDNO) [1], a bacterial enzyme
   that catalyzes  the  oxygen-dependent degradation of 6-hydroxynicotine into
   6-hydroxypyrid-N-methylosmine.
 - Plant   reticuline   oxidase  (EC 1.21.3.3) [2]   (berberine-bridge-forming
   enzyme), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-reticuline into (S)-
   scoulerine in the pathway leading to benzophenanthridine alkaloids.
 - L-gulonolactone oxidase (EC 1.1.3.8)  (l-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase) [3],
   a mammalian enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of L-gulono-1,4-lactone to
   L-xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate.
 - D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase (EC 1.1.3.24) (L-galactonolactone oxidase),
   a yeast enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid [4].
 - Mitomycin  radical  oxidase  [5], a bacterial protein involved in mitomycin
   resistance and that probably oxidizes the reduced form of mitomycins.
 - Cytokinin oxidase (EC 1.4.3.18), a plant enzyme.
 - Rhodococcus fascians fasciation locus protein fas5.

The region around the histidine that binds the FAD group is conserved in these
enzymes and can be used as a signature pattern.

-Consensus pattern: P-x(7)-{L}-x(2)-[DE]-[LIVM]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(9,12)-[LIVM]-
                    x(3)-[GSA]-[GSTCHRQ]-G-H
                    [H is the FAD binding site]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 1.
-Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised.

[ 1] Brandsch R., Hinkkanen A.E., Mauch L., Nagursky H., Decker K.
     "6-Hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase of Arthrobacter oxidans. Gene structure
     of the flavoenzyme and its relationship to 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine
     oxidase."
     Eur. J. Biochem. 167:315-320(1987).
     PubMed=3622516
[ 2] Dittrich H., Kutchan T.M.
     "Molecular cloning, expression, and induction of berberine bridge
     enzyme, an enzyme essential to the formation of benzophenanthridine
     alkaloids in the response of plants to pathogenic attack."
     Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:9969-9973(1991).
     PubMed=1946465
[ 3] Koshizaka T., Nishikimi M., Ozawa T., Yagi K.
     "Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat
     liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid
     biosynthesis."
     J. Biol. Chem. 263:1619-1621(1988).
     PubMed=3338984
[ 4] Huh W.-K., Lee B.-H., Kim S.-T., Kim Y.-R., Rhie G.-E., Baek Y.-W.,
     Hwang C.-S., Lee J.-S., Kang S.-O.
     "D-erythroascorbic acid is an important antioxidant molecule in
     Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
     Mol. Microbiol. 30:895-903(1998).
     PubMed=10094636
[ 5] August P.R., Flickinger M.C., Sherman D.H.
     "Cloning and analysis of a locus (mcr) involved in mitomycin C
     resistance in Streptomyces lavendulae."
     J. Bacteriol. 176:4448-4454(1994).
     PubMed=7517396

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