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PROSITE documentation PDOC50211 [for PROSITE entry PS50211]
Tripartite DENN domain profiles


Description

The tripartite DENN (after differentially expressed in neoplastic versus normal cells) domain is found in several proteins that share common structural features and have been shown to be guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rab GTPases, which are regulators of practically all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes. The tripartite DENN domain is composed of three distinct modules which are always associated due to functional and/or structural constraints: upstream DENN or uDENN, the better conserved central or core or cDENN, and downstream or dDENN regions. The tripartite DENN domain is found associated with other domains, such as RUN (see <PDOC50826>), PLAT (see <PDOC50095>), PH (see <PDOC50003>), PPR, WD-40 (see <PDOC00574>), GRAM or C1 (see <PDOC00379>). The function of DENN domain remains to date unclear, although it appears to represent a good candidate for a GTP/GDP exchange activity [1,2,3,4,5].

Some proteins known to contain a tripartite DENN domain are listed below:

  • Rat Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein (Rab3GEP).
  • Human mitogen-activated protein kinase activating protein containing death domain (MADD). It is orthologous to Rab3GEP.
  • Caenorhabditis elegans regulator of presynaptic activity aex-3, the ortholog of Rab3GEP.
  • Mouse Rab6 interacting protein 1 (Rab6IP1).
  • Human SET domain-binding factor 1(SBF1).
  • Human suppressor of tumoreginicity 5 (ST5).
  • Human C-MYC promoter-binding protein IRLB.

The DENN domain forms a heart-shaped structure (see <PDB:3TW8>), with the N-terminal residues forming one and the C-terminal residues forming the second one. The N-terminal half forms the uDENN domain and consists of a central antiparallel β-sheet layered between one helix and two helices. A long random-coil region links the two lobes. The C-terminal lobe is composed of the cDENN and dDENN domains. The cDENN domain is an α/β three layered sandwich domain with a central sheet of 5-strands. The dDENN domain is an all-α helical domain, whose core contains two α-hairpins which diverge rapidly in sequence [3,5].

Divergent types of the tripartite DENN domain have also been detected in other protein families [4]:

  • Folliculin (FLCN), a tumor suppressor protein disrupted in various cancers and the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate eight protein (SMCR8), which has been implicated in autophagy [5].
  • FLCN-interacting proteins (FNIP1 and FNIP2), interact with FLCN and function in conjunction with it to regulate cellular energy metabolism both in the kidney tissue and B-cells.
  • C9ORF72 protein, expansions of the hexanucleotide GGGGCC in the first intron of its gene have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD).

We developed both a profile that covers the entire tripartite DENN domains and profiles covering the entire more divergent types of DENN domains.

Last update:

May 2017 / Text and profile revised; profiles removed; profiles added.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

DENN, PS50211; Tripartite DENN domain profile  (MATRIX)

DENN_C9ORF72, PS51835; Tripartite DENN C9ORF72-type domain profile  (MATRIX)

DENN_FLCN_SMCR8, PS51834; Tripartite DENN FLCN/SMCR8-type domain profile  (MATRIX)

DENN_FNIP12, PS51836; Tripartite DENN FNIP1/2-type domain profile  (MATRIX)


References

1AuthorsLevivier E. Goud B. Souchet M. Calmels T.P.G. Mornon J.-P. Callebaut I.
TitleuDENN, DENN, and dDENN: indissociable domains in Rab and MAP kinases signaling pathways.
SourceBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287:688-695(2001).
PubMed ID11563850
DOI10.1006/bbrc.2001.5652

2AuthorsSemova N. Kapanadze B. Corcoran M. Kutsenko A. Baranova A. Semov A.
TitleMolecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of a human IRLB, MYC promoter-binding protein: new DENN domain-containing protein family emerges small star, filled.
SourceGenomics 82:343-354(2003).
PubMed ID12906859

3AuthorsWu X. Bradley M.J. Cai Y. Kuemmel D. De La Cruz E.M. Barr F.A. Reinisch K.M.
TitleInsights regarding guanine nucleotide exchange from the structure of a DENN-domain protein complexed with its Rab GTPase substrate.
SourceProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:18672-18677(2011).
PubMed ID22065758
DOI10.1073/pnas.1110415108

4AuthorsZhang D. Iyer L.M. He F. Aravind L.
TitleDiscovery of Novel DENN Proteins: Implications for the Evolution of Eukaryotic Intracellular Membrane Structures and Human Disease.
SourceFront. Genet. 3:283-283(2012).
PubMed ID23248642
DOI10.3389/fgene.2012.00283

5AuthorsNookala R.K. Langemeyer L. Pacitto A. Ochoa-Montano B. Donaldson J.C. Blaszczyk B.K. Chirgadze D.Y. Barr F.A. Bazan J.F. Blundell T.L.
TitleCrystal structure of folliculin reveals a hidDENN function in genetically inherited renal cancer.
SourceOpen Biol. 2:120071-120071(2012).
PubMed ID22977732
DOI10.1098/rsob.120071



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