{PDOC00070}
{PS00072; ACYL_COA_DH_1}
{PS00073; ACYL_COA_DH_2}
{BEGIN}
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* Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases signatures *
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Acyl-CoA  dehydrogenases [1,2,3] are enzymes  that catalyze  the   alpha,beta-
dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA esters and transfer electrons to ETF, the electron
transfer protein. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are FAD flavoproteins. This family
currently includes:

 - Five eukaryotic isozymes that catalyze the first step of the beta-oxidation
   cycles for fatty acids with various chain lengths.  These are  short (SCAD)
   (EC 1.3.99.2),  medium  (MCAD)  (EC  1.3.99.3), long (LCAD) (EC 1.3.99.13),
   very-long (VLCAD) and short/branched (SBCAD) chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.
   These enzymes are located in the mitochondrion. They are all homotetrameric
   proteins of  about  400  amino acid residues except VLCAD  which is a dimer
   and which contains, in its mature form, about 600 residues.
 - Glutaryl-CoA  dehydrogenase  (EC 1.3.99.7) (GCDH), which is involved in the
   catabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.
 - Isovaleryl-CoA   dehydrogenase   (EC  1.3.99.10)  (IVD),  involved  in  the
   catabolism of leucine.
 - Acyl-coA dehydrogenases acdA and mmgC from Bacillus subtilis.
 - Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.2) from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
 - Escherichia coli protein caiA [4].
 - Escherichia coli protein aidB.

We have  selected  two  conserved  regions as signature patterns. The first is
located in the center of these enzymes, the second in the C-terminal section.

-Consensus pattern: [GAC]-[LIVM]-[ST]-E-x(2)-[GSAN]-G-[ST]-D-x(2)-[GSA]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Consensus pattern: [QDE]-x-{P}-G-[GS]-x-G-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-[DEN]-x(4)-[KR]-x(3)-
                    [DEN]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.

[ 1] Tanaka K., Ikeda Y., Matsubara Y., Hyman D.B.
     "Molecular basis of isovaleric acidemia and medium-chain acyl-CoA
     dehydrogenase deficiency."
     Enzyme 38:91-107(1987).
     PubMed=3326738
[ 2] Matsubara Y., Indo Y., Naito E., Ozasa H., Glassberg R., Vockley J.,
     Ikeda Y., Kraus J., Tanaka K.
     "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding the
     precursors of rat long chain acyl-coenzyme A, short chain
     acyl-coenzyme A, and isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases. Sequence
     homology of four enzymes of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family."
     J. Biol. Chem. 264:16321-16331(1989).
     PubMed=2777793
[ 3] Aoyama T., Ueno I., Kamijo T., Hashimoto T.
     "Rat very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a novel mitochondrial
     acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene product, is a rate-limiting enzyme in
     long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation system. cDNA and deduced amino
     acid sequence and distinct specificities of the cDNA-expressed
     protein."
     J. Biol. Chem. 269:19088-19094(1994).
     PubMed=8034667
[ 4] Eichler K., Bourgis F., Buchet A., Kleber H.-P., Mandrand-Berthelot M.-A.
     "Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine
     metabolism in Escherichia coli."
     Mol. Microbiol. 13:775-786(1994).
     PubMed=7815937

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