{PDOC00134}
{PS00146; BETA_LACTAMASE_A}
{PS00336; BETA_LACTAMASE_C}
{PS00337; BETA_LACTAMASE_D}
{BEGIN}
******************************************************
* Beta-lactamases classes -A, -C, and -D active site *
******************************************************

Beta-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) [1,2]  are enzymes  which catalyze the hydrolysis
of an amide bond in  the  beta-lactam ring  of  antibiotics  belonging  to the
penicillin/cephalosporin  family.   Four  kinds of  beta-lactamase  have  been
identified [3]. Class-B enzymes are zinc containing  proteins whilst class -A,
C and D enzymes  are  serine hydrolases.  The  three  classes of serine  beta-
lactamases are  evolutionary related and belong to a superfamily [4] that also
includes DD-peptidases  and  a  variety  of  other penicillin-binding proteins
(PBP's). All these proteins contain a  Ser-x-x-Lys motif,  where the serine is
the active site residue.  Although  clearly  homologous,  the sequences of the
three classes of serine beta-lactamases exhibit a large degree  of variability
and only a small number of residues are conserved in addition to the catalytic
serine.

Since a  pattern  detecting all serine beta-lactamases would also pick up many
unrelated sequences,  we decided to provide specific patterns, centered on the
active site serine, for each of the three classes.

-Consensus pattern: [FY]-x-[LIVMFY]-{E}-S-[TV]-x-K-x(3)-{T}-[AGLM]-{D}-{KA}-
                    [LC]
                    [S is the active site residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL  class-A
 beta-lactamases.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 7.

-Consensus pattern: [FY]-E-[LIVM]-G-S-[LIVMG]-[SA]-K
                    [The first S is the active site residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL  class-C
 beta-lactamases.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Consensus pattern: [PA]-x-S-[ST]-F-K-[LIV]-[PALV]-x-[STA]-[LI]
                    [S is the active site residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL  class-D
 beta-lactamases.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Expert(s) to contact by email:
           Brannigan J.; jab5@vaxa.york.ac.uk

-Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised.

[ 1] Ambler R.P.
     "The structure of beta-lactamases."
     Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 289:321-331(1980).
     PubMed=6109327
[ 2] Pastor N., Pinero D., Valdes A.M., Soberon X.
     "Molecular evolution of class A beta-lactamases: phylogeny and
     patterns of sequence conservation."
     Mol. Microbiol. 4:1957-1965(1990).
     PubMed=2082152
[ 3] Bush K.
     "Characterization of beta-lactamases."
     Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:259-263(1989).
     PubMed=2658779
[ 4] Joris B., Ghuysen J.-M., Dive G., Renard A., Dideberg O., Charlier P.,
     Frere J.M., Kelly J.A., Boyington J.C., Moews P.C.
     "The active-site-serine penicillin-recognizing enzymes as members of
     the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase family."
     Biochem. J. 250:313-324(1988).
     PubMed=3128280

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