{PDOC00222}
{PS00249; PDGF_1}
{PS50278; PDGF_2}
{BEGIN}
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* Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature and profile *
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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [1,2] is a potent mitogen  for  cells of
mesenchymal  origin,  including  smooth  muscle  cells and glial  cells.  PDGF
consists of  two  different  but closely related chains (A and B chains) which
assemble  to form  disulfide  linked homo- or heterodimers (A-A, B-B, an A-B).
Alternate splicing of the A chain  transcript  can give rise to  two different
forms that differ only in their C-terminal extremity. The transforming protein
of simian sarcoma virus (SSV), encoded by the v-sis oncogene,  is derived from
the B chain of PDGF.

PDGF is  structurally  related  to a number of other growth factors which also
form disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers:

 - Vascular   endothelial   growth  factor  (VEGF),  also  known  as  vascular
   permeability factor  (VPF)  [3], a growth factor active in angiogenesis and
   endothelial cell growth. The genome of the orf poxvirus encodes an  homolog
   of VEGF [4].
 - Vascular  endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B), also active in angiogenesis
   and endothelial cell growth [5].
 - Vascular  endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-C), also active in angiogenesis
   and endothelial cell growth [6].
 - Placenta growth factor (PlGF) [7], which is also active in agiogenesis.

As a signature pattern for this family of growth factors, we selected a region
that include four of  the eight  cysteines conserved in the sequences of these
proteins. In  PDGF,  these  cysteines  are  known to be involved in intra- and
inter-chain disulfide  bonds  [8].  We also developed a profile that spans the
eight conserved cysteines.

-Consensus pattern: P-[PSR]-C-V-x(3)-R-C-[GSTA]-G-C-C
                    [The 4 C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.

[ 1] Hannink M., Donoghue D.J.
     "Structure and function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and
     related proteins."
     Biochim. Biophys. Acta 989:1-10(1989).
     PubMed=2546599
[ 2] Heldin C.-H.
     "Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth
     factor."
     EMBO J. 11:4251-4259(1992).
     PubMed=1425569
[ 3] Ferrara N., Houck K.A., Jakeman L.B., Winer J., Leung D.W.
     "The vascular endothelial growth factor family of polypeptides."
     J. Cell. Biochem. 47:211-218(1991).
     PubMed=1791185
[ 4] Lyttle D.J., Fraser K.M., Fleming S.B., Mercer A.A., Robinson A.J.
     "Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor are encoded by the
     poxvirus orf virus."
     J. Virol. 68:84-92(1994).
     PubMed=8254780
[ 5] Olofsson B., Pajusola K., Kaipainen A., von Euler G., Joukov V.,
     Saksela O., Orpana A., Pettersson R.F., Alitalo K., Eriksson U.
     Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:2567-2581(1996).
[ 6] Joukov V., Pajusola K., Kaipainen A., Chilov D., Lahtinen I., Kukk E.,
     Saksela O., Kalkkinen N., Alitalo K.
     "A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for
     the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases."
     EMBO J. 15:290-298(1996).
     PubMed=8617204
[ 7] Maglione D., Guerriero V., Viglietto G., Ferraro M.G., Aprelikova O.,
     Alitalo K., Del Vecchio S., Lei K.J., Chou J.Y., Persico M.G.
     "Two alternative mRNAs coding for the angiogenic factor, placenta
     growth factor (PlGF), are transcribed from a single gene of chromosome
     14."
     Oncogene 8:925-931(1993).
     PubMed=7681160
[ 8] Oefner C., D'Arcy A., Winkler F.K., Eggimann B., Hosang M.
     "Crystal structure of human platelet-derived growth factor BB."
     EMBO J. 11:3921-3926(1992).
     PubMed=1396586

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{END}