{PDOC00234} {PS00261; GLYCO_HORMONE_BETA_1} {PS00689; GLYCO_HORMONE_BETA_2} {BEGIN} *********************************************** * Glycoprotein hormones beta chain signatures * *********************************************** Glycoprotein hormones [1,2] (or gonadotropins) are a family of proteins which include the mammalian hormones follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LSH), thyrotropin (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. All these hormones consist of two glycosylated chains (alpha and beta). In mammalian gonadotropins, the alpha chain is identical in the four types of hormones but the beta chains, while homologous, are different. The beta chains are proteins of about 100 to 140 amino acid residues which contain twelve conserved cysteines all involved in disulfide bonds [3], as shown in the following schematic representation. +----------------------+ | +------------|-----------------------------+ | +-|------------|--------+ | | | | **** | | *************** xxxCxxxxxxxCxCxxCxCxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxCxCxCxxCxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxx | | | | | | | | | | +--+ +-|------------------------+ | +--------------------------+ 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond. '*': position of the patterns. We have developed two patterns for these hormones. The first one, located in the N-terminal section, is a region which has been said to be involved in the association between the two chains of the hormones. The second pattern consists of a cluster of five conserved cysteines in the C-terminal section. -Consensus pattern: C-[STAGM]-G-[HFYL]-C-x-[ST] [The 2 C's are involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for rat beta-FSH which has Glu in position 2 of the pattern. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 2. -Consensus pattern: [PA]-V-A-x(2)-C-x-C-x(2)-C-x(4)-[STDAI]-[DEY]-C-x(6,8)- [PGSTAVMI]-x(2)-C [The 5 C's are involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for 5 sequences. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Expert(s) to contact by email: Lapthorn A.; adrian@chem.gla.ac.uk -Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised. [ 1] Pierce J.G., Parsons T.F. "Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function." Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50:465-495(1981). PubMed=6267989 [ 2] Stockell Hartree A., Renwick A.G.C. Biochem. J. 287:665-679(1992). [ 3] Lapthorn A.J., Harris D.C., Littlejohn A., Lustbader J.W., Canfield R.E., Machin K.J., Morgan F.J., Isaacs N.W. "Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin." Nature 369:455-461(1994). PubMed=8202136; DOI=10.1038/369455a0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}