{PDOC00239} {PS00266; SOMATOTROPIN_1} {PS00338; SOMATOTROPIN_2} {BEGIN} *********************************************************** * Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signatures * *********************************************************** The hormone somatotropin (growth hormone, GH) which plays an important role in growth control, choriomammotropin (lactogen), a placental analog of GH; and prolactin which acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation, have been shown [1] to be homologous. This family of proteins also includes other hormones listed below (references are only provided for recently determined sequences). - Rodents placental lactogens I and II. - Bovine and sheep lactogen. - Mouse proliferin I, II, III and proliferin related protein [2]. - Bovine placental prolactin-related proteins I, II, and III [3]. - Rat placental prolactin-like proteins A and B. - Human growth hormone variants 1 (GH-V1) and 2 (GH-V2). - Somatolactin (SL) from various fish [4]. The schematic representation of the structure of proteins belonging to this family is shown below. <----------------180-to-210-residues-------------> *** ***** xxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxCxxC | | | | +----------------------------+ +--+ 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond. '*': position of the patterns. We developed two signature patterns for this family of proteins, both patterns include cysteines involved in conserved disulfide bonds. -Consensus pattern: C-x-[STN]-x(2)-[LIVMFYS]-x-[LIVMSTA]-P-x(5)-[TALIV]-x(7)- [LIVMFY]-x(6)-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-[STACV]-W [The C is involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for 8 sequences. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 4. -Consensus pattern: C-[LIVMFY]-{PT}-x-D-[LIVMFYSTA]-x-{S}-{RK}-{A}-x-[LIVMFY]- x(2)-[LIVMFYT]-x(2)-C [The 2 C's are involved in disulfide bonds] -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for 7 sequences. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 16. -Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised. [ 1] Wallis M. "Episodic evolution of protein hormones in mammals." J. Mol. Evol. 53:10-18(2001). PubMed=11683318 [ 2] Connor A.M., Waterhouse P., Khokha R., Denhardt D.T. "Characterization of a mouse mitogen-regulated protein/proliferin gene and its promoter: a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene superfamily." Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1009:75-82(1989). PubMed=2790033 [ 3] Kessler M.A., Milosavljevic M., Zieler C.G., Schuler L.A. "A subfamily of bovine prolactin-related transcripts distinct from placental lactogen in the fetal placenta." Biochemistry 28:5154-5161(1989). PubMed=2765528 [ 4] Rand-Weaver M., Noso T., Muramoto K., Kawauchi H. Biochemistry 30:1509-1515(1991). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}