{PDOC00286}
{PS00316; THAUMATIN_1}
{PS51367; THAUMATIN_2}
{BEGIN}
******************************************
* Thaumatin family signature and profile *
******************************************

Thaumatin  [1]  is  an  intensely sweet-tasting protein (100 000 times sweeter
than sucrose on a molar basis) found in berries from Thaumatococcus daniellii,
an  African  bush.  The  protein consists of about 200 residues and contains 8
disulfide  bonds. Several stress-induced proteins of plants have been found to
be related to thaumatins. Some of these proteins are listed below.

 - A maize alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor.
 - Two  tobacco  pathogenesis-related  proteins:  PR-R  major and minor forms,
   which are induced after infection with viruses.
 - Salt-induced protein NP24 from tomato.
 - Osmotin, a salt-induced protein from tobacco.
 - Osmotin-like proteins OSML13, OSML15 and OSML81 from potato [2].
 - P21, a leaf protein from soybean.
 - PWIR2, a leaf protein from wheat.
 - Zeamatin, a maize antifunal protein [3].

This family is also referred to as pathogenesis-related group 5 (PR5), as many
thaumatin-like  proteins  accumulate  in  plants in response to infection by a
pathogen  and possess antifungal activity. As a signature pattern, we selected
a  conserved region that includes three cysteine residues known to be involved
in disulfide bonds.


   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |                                          +-----------------+         |
   |                  *******                 |                 |         |
 xxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxCxxCxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxCxCxxxCxCxxCCxCxxxCxxxxxCxxxCx
                    |  |  | |              |    |   | |  || |         |
                    +--+  +-+              |    +---+ +--++-+         |
                                           +--------------------------+

'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
'*': position of the pattern.

We   also  developed  a  profile  that  covers  the  whole  structure  [4]  of
thaumatin/osmotin/PR5a.

-Consensus pattern: G-x-[GF]-x-C-x-T-[GA]-D-C-x(1,2)-[GQ]-x(2,3)-C
                    [The 3 C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: February 2008 / Text revised; profile added.

[ 1] Edens L., Heslinga L., Klok R., Ledeboer A.M., Maat J., Toonen M.Y.,
     Visser C., Verrips C.T.
     "Cloning of cDNA encoding the sweet-tasting plant protein thaumatin
     and its expression in Escherichia coli."
     Gene 18:1-12(1982).
     PubMed=7049841
[ 2] Zhu B., Chen T.H.H., Li P.H.
     "Activation of two osmotin-like protein genes by abiotic stimuli and
     fungal pathogen in transgenic potato plants."
     Plant Physiol. 108:929-937(1995).
     PubMed=7630973
[ 3] Malehorn D.E., Borgmeyer J.R., Smith C.E., Shah D.M.
     "Characterization and expression of an antifungal zeamatin-like
     protein (Zlp) gene from Zea mays."
     Plant Physiol. 106:1471-1481(1994).
     PubMed=7846159
[ 4] Koiwa H., Kato H., Nakatsu T., Oda J., Yamada Y., Sato F.
     "Crystal structure of tobacco PR-5d protein at 1.8 A resolution
     reveals a conserved acidic cleft structure in antifungal
     thaumatin-like proteins."
     J. Mol. Biol. 286:1137-1145(1999).
     PubMed=10047487; DOI=10.1006/jmbi.1998.2540

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