{PDOC00300}
{PS00344; GATA_ZN_FINGER_1}
{PS50114; GATA_ZN_FINGER_2}
{BEGIN}
******************************************************
* GATA-type zinc finger domain signature and profile *
******************************************************

The GATA family of transcription factors are proteins  that bind  to DNA sites
with the consensus sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G), found within the regulatory region
of a number of genes. Proteins currently known to belong to this family are:

 - GATA-1 [1] (also known as Eryf1, GF-1 or NF-E1),  which  binds  to the GATA
   region of globin genes and other genes expressed in erythroid cells.  It is
   a transcriptional  activator  which   probably serves as a general 'switch'
   factor for erythroid development.
 - GATA-2 [2], a transcriptional activator which  regulates  endothelin-1 gene
   expression in endothelial cells.
 - GATA-3 [3], a transcriptional activator which  binds to the enhancer of the
   T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes.
 - GATA-4 [4], a transcriptional  activator  expressed in endodermally derived
   tissues and heart.
 - Drosophila protein pannier (or DGATAa) (gene pnr) which acts as a repressor
   of the achaete-scute complex (as-c).
 - Bombyx mori BCFI [5], which regulates the expression of chorion genes.
 - Caenorhabditis elegans elt-1 and elt-2, transcriptional activators of genes
   containing the GATA region, including vitellogenin genes [6].
 - Ustilago  maydis  urbs1  [7],  a  protein involved in the repression of the
   biosynthesis of siderophores.
 - Fission yeast protein GAF2.

All these transcription factors contain a pair of highly similar 'zinc finger'
type domains with the consensus sequence C-x2-C-x17-C-x2-C.

Some other proteins contain a single zinc finger motif highly related to those
of the GATA transcription factors. These proteins are:

 - Drosophila  box A-binding factor (ABF) (also known as protein serpent (gene
   srp)) which  may  function  as  a transcriptional activator protein and may
   play a key role in the organogenesis of the fat body.
 - Emericella nidulans areA [8], a  transcriptional  activator  which mediates
   nitrogen metabolite repression.
 - Neurospora crassa nit-2 [9], a transcriptional activator which turns on the
   expression of genes coding for enzymes required for the use of a variety of
   secondary nitrogen sources, during conditions of nitrogen limitation.
 - Neurospora  crassa  white  collar  proteins  1 and 2 (WC-1 and WC-2), which
   control expression of light-regulated genes.
 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAL81 (or UGA43), a  negative  nitrogen regulatory
   protein.
 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae GLN3, a positive nitrogen regulatory protein.
 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAT1 to GAT4.
 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae GZF3.

-Consensus pattern: C-x-[DNEHQSTI]-C-x(4,6)-[ST]-x(2)-[WM]-[HR]-
                    [RKENAMSLPGQT]-x(3,4)-[GNEP]-x(3,6)-C-[NES]-[ASNR]-C
                    [The 4 C's are zinc ligands]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL,  except
 GAT2, GAT3 and GAT4.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 1.

-Last update: April 2006 / Pattern revised.

[ 1] Trainor C.D., Evans T., Felsenfeld G., Boguski M.S.
     "Structure and evolution of a human erythroid transcription factor."
     Nature 343:92-96(1990).
     PubMed=2104960; DOI=10.1038/343092a0
[ 2] Lee M.E., Temizer D.H., Clifford J.A., Quertermous T.
     "Cloning of the GATA-binding protein that regulates endothelin-1 gene
     expression in endothelial cells."
     J. Biol. Chem. 266:16188-16192(1991).
     PubMed=1714909
[ 3] Ho I.-C., Vorhees P., Marin N., Oakley B.K., Tsai S.-F., Orkin S.H.,
     Leiden J.M.
     "Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that
     regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene."
     EMBO J. 10:1187-1192(1991).
     PubMed=1827068
[ 4] Spieth J., Shim Y.H., Lea K., Conrad R., Blumenthal T.
     "elt-1, an embryonically expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene
     homologous to the GATA transcription factor family."
     Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4651-4659(1991).
     PubMed=1875944
[ 5] Drevet J.R., Skeiky Y.A., Iatrou K.
     "GATA-type zinc finger motif-containing sequences and chorion gene
     transcription factors of the silkworm Bombyx mori."
     J. Biol. Chem. 269:10660-10667(1994).
     PubMed=8144656
[ 6] Hawkins M.G., McGhee J.D.
     "elt-2, a second GATA factor from the nematode Caenorhabditis
     elegans."
     J. Biol. Chem. 270:14666-14671(1995).
     PubMed=7782329
[ 7] Voisard C.P.O., Wang J., McEvoy J.L., Xu P., Leong S.A.
     "urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis,
     encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor
     GATA-1."
     Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7091-7100(1993).
     PubMed=8413298
[ 8] Arst H.N. Jr., Kudla B., Martinez-Rossi N., Caddick M.X., Sibley S.,
     Davies R.W.
     "Aspergillus and mouse share a new class of 'zinc finger' protein."
     Trends Genet. 5:291-291(1989).
     PubMed=2511649
[ 9] Fu Y.-H., Marzluf G.-A.
     "nit-2, the major nitrogen regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa,
     encodes a protein with a putative zinc finger DNA-binding domain."
     Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1056-1065(1990).
     PubMed=2137552

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and
distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

{END}