{PDOC00725}
{PS00940; GAMMA_THIONIN}
{BEGIN}
***********************************
* Gamma-thionins family signature *
***********************************

The following small plant proteins are evolutionary related:

 - Gamma-thionins from wheat endosperm (gamma-purothionins) and barley (gamma-
   hordothionins) which   are  toxic  to  animal  cells  and  inhibit  protein
   synthesis in cell free systems [1].
 - A flower-specific thionin (FST) from tobacco [2].
 - Antifungal proteins (AFP) from  the seeds  of Brassicaceae  species such as
   radish, mustard, turnip and Arabidopsis thaliana [3].
 - Inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases from sorghum [4].
 - Probable protease inhibitor P322 from potato.
 - A germination-related protein from cowpea [5].
 - Anther-specific protein  SF18  from sunflower [6].  SF18 is a  protein that
   contains a  gamma-thionin  domain  at  its N-terminus and a proline-rich C-
   terminal domain.
 - Soybean sulfur-rich protein SE60 [7].
 - Vicia faba antibacterial peptides fabatin-1 and -2.

In their  mature  form,  these  proteins  generally  consist of about 45 to 50
amino-acid residues.  As  shown  in  the  following  schematic representation,
these peptides contain eight conserved cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.

          +-------------------------------------------+
          |          +-------------------+            |
          |          |                   |            |
        xxCxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxCxxxCxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxCxCxxxC
        *******************|***|                | |
                           +---|----------------+ |
                               +------------------+

'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
'*': position of the pattern.

-Consensus pattern: [KRGAQS]-x-C-x(3)-[SVA]-x(2)-[FYWH]-x(1,2)-[GF]-x-C-x(5)-
                    C-x(3)-C
                    [The 4 C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
-Last update: December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.

[ 1] Bruix M., Jimenez M.A., Santoro J., Gonzalez C., Colilla F.J.,
     Mendez E., Rico M.
     "Solution structure of gamma 1-H and gamma 1-P thionins from barley
     and wheat endosperm determined by 1H-NMR: a structural motif common to
     toxic arthropod proteins."
     Biochemistry 32:715-724(1993).
     PubMed=8380707
[ 2] Gu Q., Kawata E.E., Morse M.-J., Wu H.-M., Cheung A.Y.
     "A flower-specific cDNA encoding a novel thionin in tobacco."
     Mol. Gen. Genet. 234:89-96(1992).
     PubMed=1495489
[ 3] Terras F.R.G., Torrekens S., van Leuven F., Osborn R.W., Vanderleyden J.,
     Cammue B.P.A., Broekaert W.F.
     "A new family of basic cysteine-rich plant antifungal proteins from
     Brassicaceae species."
     FEBS Lett. 316:233-240(1993).
     PubMed=8422949
[ 4] Bloch C. Jr., Richardson M.
     "A new family of small (5 kDa) protein inhibitors of insect
     alpha-amylases from seeds or sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L) Moench) have
     sequence homologies with wheat gamma-purothionins."
     FEBS Lett. 279:101-104(1991).
     PubMed=1995329
[ 5] Ishibashi N., Yamauchi D., Miniamikawa T.
     "Stored mRNA in cotyledons of Vigna unguiculata seeds: nucleotide
     sequence of cloned cDNA for a stored mRNA and induction of its
     synthesis by precocious germination."
     Plant Mol. Biol. 15:59-64(1990).
     PubMed=2103443
[ 6] Domon C., Evrard J.L., Herdenberger F., Pillay D.T., Steinmetz A.
     "Nucleotide sequence of two anther-specific cDNAs from sunflower
     (Helianthus annuus L.)."
     Plant Mol. Biol. 15:643-646(1990).
     PubMed=2102380
[ 7] Choi Y., Choi Y.D., Lee J.S.
     "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a low molecular weight
     sulfur-rich protein in soybean seeds."
     Plant Physiol. 101:699-700(1993).
     PubMed=8278516; DOI=101/2/699

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{END}