{PDOC00731}
{PS00949; AUTOINDUCER_SYNTH_1}
{PS51187; AUTOINDUCER_SYNTH_2}
{BEGIN}
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* Autoinducer synthase family signature and profile *
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Autoinducers  are  hormone-like  molecules  produced by bacteria as signals to
sense  cell  density  and  activate  adaptations,  by  a process termed quorum
sensing.  N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL) is a molecule produced
by  a  number of Gram-negative bacteria that acts as an autoinducer by binding
to  transcriptional  regulatory  proteins  and activating them [1,2]. OHHL and
related  molecules  such  as  N-butanoyl-  (BHL),  N-hexanoyl-  (HHL)  and  N-
oxododecanoyl-  (PAI) homoserine lactones are produced by a family of proteins
which have a length of about 200 amino acids. The 3D structures of autoinducer
synthases (see  <PDB:1KZF>)  have  features  essential  for phosphopantetheine
binding   and   N-acylation   that   are   similar  to  that  of  Gcn5-related
N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) (see <PDOC51186>) [3,4].

Some proteins currently known to belong to the autoinducer synthase family:

 - Vibrio  fischeri  luxI. The target of OHHL is the luxR protein that acts in
   the regulation of bioluminescence genes.
 - Aeromonas  ahyI  and asaI, which synthesize BHL and whereof the targets are
   ahyR and asaR.
 - Agrobacterium  tumefaciens traI. The target of OHHL is traR which regulates
   Ti plasmid transfer.
 - Erwinia  carotovora  carI. The target of OHHL is carR which activates genes
   involved in the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics.
 - Erwinia  carotovora  expI.  The target of OHHL is expR which is involved in
   virulence  (soft  rot  disease)  by  activating  the genes for plant tissue
   macerating enzymes.
 - Erwinia stewartii esaI. The target of OHHL is esaR which is involved in the
   regulation of the biosynthesis of EPS virulence factor.
 - Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasI, which synthesizes PAI and whose target is lasR
   which activates the transcription of the elastase gene.
 - Pseudomonas  aureofaciens  phzI,  whose  target  is  phzR, the activator of
   phenazine biosynthetic genes.
 - Pseudomonas  aeruginosa  rhlI  (or vsmI), which synthesizes BHL and HHL and
   whose target is rhlR.
 - Serratia liquefaciens swrI, which synthesizes BHL.
 - Enterobacter agglomerans eagI.
 - Yersinia enterocolitica yenI.

The  best conserved region is located in the N-terminal region and can be used
as  a  signature  pattern. We also developed a profile which covers the entire
autoinducer synthase domain.

-Consensus pattern: [LMFYA]-R-x(3)-F-x(2)-[KRQ]-x(2)-W-x-[LIVM]-x(6,9)-E-x-D-
                    x-[FY]-D
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: March 2006 / Text revised; profile added.

[ 1] Swift S., Winson M.K., Chan P.F., Bainton N.J., Birdsall M., Reeves P.J.,
     Rees C.E.D., Chhabra S.R., Hill P.J., Throup J.P., Bycroft B.W.,
     Salmond G.P.C., Williams P., Stewart G.S.A.B.
     "A novel strategy for the isolation of luxI homologues: evidence for
     the widespread distribution of a LuxR:LuxI superfamily in enteric
     bacteria."
     Mol. Microbiol. 10:511-520(1993).
     PubMed=7968529;
[ 2] Latifi A., Winson M.K., Foglino M., Bycroft B.W., Stewart G.S.A.B.,
     Lazdunski A., Williams P.
     "Multiple homologues of LuxR and LuxI control expression of virulence
     determinants and secondary metabolites through quorum sensing in
     Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1."
     Mol. Microbiol. 17:333-343(1995).
     PubMed=7494482;
[ 3] Watson W.T., Minogue T.D., Val D.L., von Bodman S.B., Churchill M.E.
     "Structural basis and specificity of acyl-homoserine lactone signal
     production in bacterial quorum sensing."
     Mol. Cell 9:685-694(2002).
     PubMed=11931774
[ 4] Gould T.A., Schweizer H.P., Churchill M.E.
     "Structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa acyl-homoserinelactone
     synthase LasI."
     Mol. Microbiol. 53:1135-1146(2004).
     PubMed=15306017; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04211.x

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