{PDOC50085}
{PS50085; RAPGAP}
{BEGIN}
*************************************************
* Rap GTPase activating proteins domain profile *
*************************************************

Rap  small  G proteins have been implicated in various cellular processes such
as  exocytosis,  cAMP  signalling,  cell  adhesion and cell proliferation. Rap
proteins  acts  as  molecular  switches,  with an active GTP-bound form and an
inactive  GDP-bound  form  [1].  The  inactive  GDP  bound form is promoted by
GTPase-activating  proteins  (GAPs).  GAP  proteins specific for Rap contain a
conserved  region  of  around 200 amino-acid residues, the RapGAP domain. This
domain  can  accelerate  the  GTP hydrolysis activity of Rap by five orders of
magnitude [2].

Some proteins known to contain a Rap-GAP domain are listed below:

 - RAP1 GTPase activating protein (RAP1GAP).
 - Mammalian  tuberin  protein,  the  product of a familial tuberous sclerosis
   gene  which,  when  deleted,  causes  begnin  tumours.  It  also have a GAP
   activity for Rab5 [3].
 - Drosophila Gigas protein, an homologue of tuberin involved in regulation of
   cell cycle.
 - Mammalian tuberin-like protein TULIP.
 - GTPase-activating  protein  Spa-1. It functions as a negative regulator for
   the  activation  of Rap1, thereby having a negative effect on cell adhesion
   [4].

The profile we developed covers the entire RapGAP domain.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
-Last update: April 2003 / First entry.

[ 1] Bos J.L., de Rooij J., Reedquist K.A.
     "Rap1 signalling: adhering to new models."
     Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2:369-377(2001).
     PubMed=11331911; DOI=10.1038/35073073
[ 2] Kurachi H., Wada Y., Tsukamoto N., Maeda M., Kubota H., Hattori M.,
     Iwai K., Minato N.
     "Human SPA-1 gene product selectively expressed in lymphoid tissues is
     a specific GTPase-activating protein for Rap1 and Rap2. Segregate
     expression profiles from a rap1GAP gene product."
     J. Biol. Chem. 272:28081-28088(1997).
     PubMed=9346962
[ 3] Xiao G.H., Shoarinejad F., Jin F., Golemis E.A., Yeung R.S.
     "The tuberous sclerosis 2 gene product, tuberin, functions as a Rab5
     GTPase activating protein (GAP) in modulating endocytosis."
     J. Biol. Chem. 272:6097-6100(1997).
     PubMed=9045618
[ 4] Tsukamoto N., Hattori M., Yang H., Bos J.L., Minato N.
     "Rap1 GTPase-activating protein SPA-1 negatively regulates cell
     adhesion."
     J. Biol. Chem. 274:18463-18469(1999).
     PubMed=10373454

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and
distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

{END}