{PDOC50088}
{PS50088; ANK_REPEAT}
{PS50297; ANK_REP_REGION}
{BEGIN}
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* Ankyrin repeat and ankyrin repeat region profiles *
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Ankyrin repeats  (ANK)  are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids.
They occur  in  a  large  number  of functionally diverse proteins mainly from
eukaryotes. The  few  known  examples  from prokaryotes and viruses may be the
result of horizontal gene transfers [1].

Many ankyrin   repeat   regions  are  known  to  function  as  protein-protein
interaction domains.

The conserved  fold  of  the ankyrin repeat unit is known from several crystal
and solution structures, e.g. from:

 - p53-binding protein 53BP2 [2],
 - Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d [3],
 - Transcriptional regulator GABP-beta [4],
 - NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkB-alpha [5].

It has  been  described  as an L-shaped structure consisting of a beta-hairpin
and two alpha-helices [2].

Two profiles  were  developed  for  this  module,  the  first one picks up ANK
repeats while  the  second profile is 'circular' and will thus detect a region
containing adjacent ANK repeats.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the repeat profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the circular profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Last update: December 2001 / First entry.

[ 1] Bork P.
     "Hundreds of ankyrin-like repeats in functionally diverse proteins:
     mobile modules that cross phyla horizontally?"
     Proteins 17:363-374(1993).
     PubMed=8108379
[ 2] Gorina S., Pavletich N.P.
     "Structure of the p53 tumor suppressor bound to the ankyrin and SH3
     domains of 53BP2."
     Science 274:1001-1005(1996).
     PubMed=8875926
[ 3] Luh F.Y., Archer S.J., Domaille P.J., Smith B.O., Owen D.,
     Brotherton D.H., Raine A.R., Xu X., Brizuela L., Brenner S.L.,
     Laue E.D.
     "Structure of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d."
     Nature 389:999-1003(1997).
     PubMed=9353127; DOI=10.1038/40202
[ 4] Batchelor A.H., Piper D.E., de la Brousse F.C., McKnight S.L.,
     Wolberger C.
     "The structure of GABPalpha/beta: an ETS domain- ankyrin repeat
     heterodimer bound to DNA."
     Science 279:1037-1041(1998).
     PubMed=9461436
[ 5] Jacobs M.D., Harrison S.C.
     "Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex."
     Cell 95:749-758(1998).
     PubMed=9865693

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