{PDOC50209}
{PS50209; CARD}
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* CARD caspase recruitment domain profile *
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The apoptotic  signal  coming  from  ligand-induced  oligomerization  of death
receptors is  mediated  by a number of adaptor proteins containing specialized
interaction domains. Besides the caspase recruitment domain (CARD), this group
is formed  by  the  death domain (DD) (see <PDOC50017>) and the death effector
domain (DED) (see <PDOC50168>).

The CARD  domain was first described as a homology region in the N-terminus of
the death  adaptor  protein  RAIDD  and  the  caspases  ced-3  and  CASP2 [1].
Recently, it  was  shown  that  this  domain  is  widespread  among  apoptotic
signaling molecules  and  a  function in caspase-recruitment has been proposed
[2]. The CARD domain typically associates with other CARD-containing proteins,
forming either dimers or trimers [1,2,3,4]. It has been predicted that CARD is
related in  structure  and  sequence to both DD and DED domains, which work in
similar pathways and show similar interaction properties [2].

Important members of the CARD family occur in the following proteins:

 - RAIDD death adaptor protein [1].
 - Caspases: Ced-3, CASP1, CASP2, CASP4, CASP5, CASP9 and CASP12.
 - Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins c-IAP1 and c-IAP2.
 - Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein ced-4 and its mammalian homologue
   Apaf-1.
 - Equine herpes virus protein E10.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

-Expert(s) to contact by email:
           Hofmann K.; Kay.Hofmann@memorec.com

-Last update: December 2001 / First entry.

[ 1] Duan H., Dixit V.M.
     "RAIDD is a new 'death' adaptor molecule."
     Nature 385:86-89(1997).
     PubMed=8985253
[ 2] Hofmann K., Bucher P., Tschopp J.
     "The CARD domain: a new apoptotic signalling motif."
     Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:155-156(1997).
     PubMed=9175472
[ 3] Chinnaiyan A.M., Chaudhary D., O'Rourke K., Koonin E.V., Dixit V.M.
     "Role of CED-4 in the activation of CED-3."
     Nature 388:728-729(1997).
     PubMed=9285582; DOI=10.1038/41913
[ 4] Irmler M., Hofmann K., Vaux D., Tschopp J.
     "Direct physical interaction between the Caenorhabditis elegans 'death
     proteins' CED-3 and CED-4."
     FEBS Lett. 406:189-190(1997).
     PubMed=9109415

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