{PDOC50216}
{PS50216; DHHC}
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* DHHC domain profile *
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Palmitoylation or,  more specificaly S-acylation, plays important roles in the
regulation of   protein   localization,  stability,  and  activity.  It  is  a
posttranslational protein   modification   that  involves  the  attachment  of
palmitic acid   to   Cys   residues   through  a  thioester  linkage.  Protein
acyltransferases (PATs),  also  known  as palmitoyltransferases, catalyze this
reaction  by transferring the palmitoyl  group from palmitoyl-CoA to the thiol
group of  Cys  residues. They are characterized by the presence of 50-residue-
long  domain called  the  DHHC domain, which in most but not all cases is also
cysteine-rich and  gets  its  name  from  a  highly  conserved  DHHC signature
tetrapeptide (Asp-His-His-Cys). The Cys residue within the DHHC domain forms a
stable acyl intermediate and transfers the acyl chain to the Cys residues of a
target protein [1,2].

Some of the proteins containing a DHHC domain are listed below:

 - Drosophila DNZ1 protein.
 - Mouse Abl-philin 2 (Aph2) protein. Interacts with c-Abl. May play a role in
   apoptosis.
 - Mammalian ZDHHC9, an integral membrane protein.
 - Yeast ankyrin repeat-containing protein AKR1.
 - Yeast Erf2 protein. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and
   seems to be important for Ras function [3].
 - Arabidopsis thaliana tip growth defective 1 [4].

The profile we developed covers the entire DHHC domain.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
-Last update: May 2016 / Text revised.

[ 1] Ohno Y., Kashio A., Ogata R., Ishitomi A., Yamazaki Y., Kihara A.
     "Analysis of substrate specificity of human DHHC protein
     acyltransferases using a  yeast expression system."
     Mol. Biol. Cell 23:4543-4551(2012).
     PubMed=23034182; DOI=10.1091/mbc.E12-05-0336
[ 2] Gonzalez Montoro A., Chumpen Ramirez S., Valdez Taubas J.
     "The canonical DHHC motif is not absolutely required for the activity
     of the yeast S-acyltransferases Swf1 and Pfa4."
     J. Biol. Chem. 290:22448-22459(2015).
     PubMed=26224664; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M115.651356
[ 3] Bartels D.J., Mitchell D.A., Dong X., Deschenes R.J.
     "Erf2, a novel gene product that affects the localization and
     palmitoylation of Ras2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
     Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6775-6787(1999).
     PubMed=10490616
[ 4] Hemsley P.A., Kemp A.C., Grierson C.S.
     "The TIP GROWTH DEFECTIVE1 S-Acyl Transferase Regulates Plant Cell
     Growth in Arabidopsis."
     Plant Cell 17:2554-2563(2005).
     PubMed=16100337; DOI=10.1105/tpc.105.031237

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