{PDOC50216} {PS50216; DHHC} {BEGIN} *********************** * DHHC domain profile * *********************** Palmitoylation or, more specificaly S-acylation, plays important roles in the regulation of protein localization, stability, and activity. It is a posttranslational protein modification that involves the attachment of palmitic acid to Cys residues through a thioester linkage. Protein acyltransferases (PATs), also known as palmitoyltransferases, catalyze this reaction by transferring the palmitoyl group from palmitoyl-CoA to the thiol group of Cys residues. They are characterized by the presence of 50-residue- long domain called the DHHC domain, which in most but not all cases is also cysteine-rich and gets its name from a highly conserved DHHC signature tetrapeptide (Asp-His-His-Cys). The Cys residue within the DHHC domain forms a stable acyl intermediate and transfers the acyl chain to the Cys residues of a target protein [1,2]. Some of the proteins containing a DHHC domain are listed below: - Drosophila DNZ1 protein. - Mouse Abl-philin 2 (Aph2) protein. Interacts with c-Abl. May play a role in apoptosis. - Mammalian ZDHHC9, an integral membrane protein. - Yeast ankyrin repeat-containing protein AKR1. - Yeast Erf2 protein. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and seems to be important for Ras function [3]. - Arabidopsis thaliana tip growth defective 1 [4]. The profile we developed covers the entire DHHC domain. -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Last update: May 2016 / Text revised. [ 1] Ohno Y., Kashio A., Ogata R., Ishitomi A., Yamazaki Y., Kihara A. "Analysis of substrate specificity of human DHHC protein acyltransferases using a yeast expression system." Mol. Biol. Cell 23:4543-4551(2012). PubMed=23034182; DOI=10.1091/mbc.E12-05-0336 [ 2] Gonzalez Montoro A., Chumpen Ramirez S., Valdez Taubas J. "The canonical DHHC motif is not absolutely required for the activity of the yeast S-acyltransferases Swf1 and Pfa4." J. Biol. Chem. 290:22448-22459(2015). PubMed=26224664; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M115.651356 [ 3] Bartels D.J., Mitchell D.A., Dong X., Deschenes R.J. "Erf2, a novel gene product that affects the localization and palmitoylation of Ras2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6775-6787(1999). PubMed=10490616 [ 4] Hemsley P.A., Kemp A.C., Grierson C.S. "The TIP GROWTH DEFECTIVE1 S-Acyl Transferase Regulates Plant Cell Growth in Arabidopsis." Plant Cell 17:2554-2563(2005). PubMed=16100337; DOI=10.1105/tpc.105.031237 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}