{PDOC50841}
{PS50841; DIX}
{BEGIN}
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* DIX domain profile *
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Proteins of  the  dishevelled  family  (Dsh  and  Dvl)  play a key role in the
transduction of  the  Wg/Wnt signal (see <PDOC00219>) from the cell surface to
the nucleus:  in  response  to Wnt signal, they block the degradation of beta-
catenin by  interacting  with  the scaffolding protein axin. The N-terminus of
proteins of  the dishevelled family and the C-terminus of proteins of the axin
family share  a  region  of  homology  of about 85 amino acids, which has been
called DIX  for  DIshevelled  and aXin [1]. The DIX domain is found associated
with PDZ  (see  <PDOC50106>)  and DEP (see <PDOC50186>) domains in proteins of
the dishevelled family and with an RGS domain (see <PDOC50132>) in proteins of
the axin    family.    DIX  has been shown to be a protein-protein interaction
domain that  is  important for homo- and hetero-oligomerization of proteins of
the dishevelled  and axin families [2,3,4,5]. The DIX domain has also be shown
to be  a signalling module that can target proteins to actin stress fibres and
cytoplasmic vesicles to control Wnt signalling [6,7].

The Dvl2  DIX  domain has been shown to form a predominantly helical structure
[6].

The profile we developed covers the entire DIX domain.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
-Last update: December 2002 / First entry.

[ 1] Cadigan K.M., Nusse R.
     "Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development."
     Genes Dev. 11:3286-3305(1997).
     PubMed=9407023
[ 2] Kishida S., Yamamoto H., Hino S.-I., Ikeda S., Kishida M., Kikuchi A.
     "DIX domains of Dvl and axin are necessary for protein interactions
     and their ability to regulate beta-catenin stability."
     Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:4414-4422(1999).
     PubMed=10330181
[ 3] Sakanaka C., Williams L.T.
     "Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an
     oligomerization domain."
     J. Biol. Chem. 274:14090-14093(1999).
     PubMed=10318824
[ 4] Fukui A., Kishida S., Kikuchi A., Asashima M.
     "Effects of rat Axin domains on axis formation in Xenopus embryos."
     Dev. Growth Differ. 42:489-498(2000).
     PubMed=11041490
[ 5] Julius M.A., Schelbert B., Hsu W., Fitzpatrick E., Jho E., Fagotto F.,
     Costantini F., Kitajewski J.
     "Domains of axin and disheveled required for interaction and function
     in wnt signaling."
     Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276:1162-1169(2000).
     PubMed=11027605; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.2000.3607
[ 6] Capelluto D.G.S., Kutateladze T.G., Habas R., Finkielstein C.V., He X.,
     Overduin M.
     "The DIX domain targets dishevelled to actin stress fibres and
     vesicular membranes."
     Nature 419:726-729(2002).
     PubMed=12384700; DOI=10.1038/nature01056
[ 7] Smallridge R.
     Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:807-807(2002).

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