{PDOC51783} {PS51783; PH_BEACH} {BEGIN} ******************************** * BEACH-type PH domain profile * ******************************** The BEACH domain (see ) defines a large family of eukaryotic proteins that have diverse cellular functions in vesicle trafficking, membrane dynamics, and receptor signaling. The sequence homology among these proteins is limited to their C-terminal region, where they contain the PH-BEACH-WD40 domains. The WD40 domain (see ) is generally located at the extreme C terminus of these proteins and may be important for protein-protein interactions. The BEACH domain is located just prior to the WD40 domain in these proteins and is the only domain that is highly conserved among them. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain ( see ) is weakly conserved among the BEACH proteins and does not share any recognizable sequence similarity with other PH domains. The structural organization of these three domains is highly conserved across all known BEACH domain containing proteins (BDCPs) and might function as an independent cassette within these proteins. Therefore, this region is referred to as the PH-BEACH-WD40 (PBW) module [1,2,3]. The BEACH-type PH domain contains a seven-stranded, antiparallel beta-sandwich (beta1-beta7) and an alpha helix (alpha3) near its C terminus (see ). This is the typical fold of canonical PH domains, although the PH domains of BEACH proteins share no sequence similarity with these other PH domain. Another feature of the BEACH-type PH domain is the presence of two small helices (alpha1 and alpha2) in the loop between strands beta3 and beta4. These helices partially block the binding site for phospholipid and phosphotyrosine in the other PH domains and suggest that the BEACH-type PH domain may have a different function [1,2]. Some proteins known to contain a PH BEACH-type domain are listed below: - Human lysosomal trafficking regulator or Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) protein. Defects in the CHS protein are the cause of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome, a rare autosomal disorder characterized by hypopigmentation, severe immunologic deficiency, a bleeding tendency and neurologic abnormalities. As an important hallmark of several tissues derived from CHS patients is the occurrence of giant inclusion bodies and organelles and protein sorting defects in these organelles, the CHS protein is thought to be involved in vesicle fusion or fission. The CHS protein contains 7 WD- repeats. The mouse ortholog of CHS is called 'beige'. - Mammalian FAN (Factor Associated with Neutral-sphingomyelinase activation). It binds to the N-SMase activation domain (NSD) of the p55 TNF-receptor and mediates the activation of N-SMase after ligand binding. FAN contains five WD-repeats. - Human lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LBA) (also known as Beige like protein or CDC4-like protein). It may have a function in in polarized vesicle trafficking, and is localized to vesicles after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). - Vertebrate neurobeachin (Nbea). It has been implicated in membrane traffic in neuronal cells. - Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical proteins F52C9.2 and F52C9.3. - Yeast hypothetical protein YCR032W. The profile we developed covers the entire PH BEACH-type domain. -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Last update: October 2015 / First entry. [ 1] Jogl G., Shen Y., Gebauer D., Li J., Wiegmann K., Kashkar H., Kroenke M., Tong L. "Crystal structure of the BEACH domain reveals an unusual fold and extensive association with a novel PH domain." EMBO J. 21:4785-4795(2002). PubMed=12234919 [ 2] Gebauer D., Li J., Jogl G., Shen Y., Myszka D.G., Tong L. "Crystal structure of the PH-BEACH domains of human LRBA/BGL." Biochemistry 43:14873-14880(2004). PubMed=15554694; DOI=10.1021/bi049498y [ 3] Steffens A., Braeutigam A., Jakoby M., Huelskamp M. "The BEACH Domain Protein SPIRRIG Is Essential for Arabidopsis Salt Stress Tolerance and Functions as a Regulator of Transcript Stabilization and Localization." PLoS Biol. 13:E1002188-E1002188(2015). PubMed=26133670; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}