{PDOC51918} {PS51918; RADICAL_SAM} {BEGIN} *********************************** * Radical SAM core domain profile * *********************************** The Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily is an ancient and diverged group found from all three domains of life. Radical SAM proteins share an unusual Fe-S cluster associated with generation of a free radical by reductive cleavage of SAM and often provide an anaerobic or oxygen-independent mechanism that is found as an aerobic reaction in other proteins.They catalyze diverse reactions, including unusual methylations, isomerization, sulfur insertion, ring formation, anaerobic oxidation and protein radical formation. Radical SAM proteins function in DNA precursor, vitamin, cofactor, antibiotic and herbicide biosynthesis and in biodegradation pathways [1]. Radical SAM proteins share several common features, notably three strictly conserved cysteine residues generally included in the CxxxCxxC motif. These critical cysteines coordinate the unusual [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ cluster, while SAM serves as ligand for the fourth iron atom and acts as a cofactor or a cosubstrate [1]. The radical SAM enzymes biochemically characterized to date have in common the cleavage of the [4Fe-4S]1+-SAM complex to [4Fe-4S]2+-Met and the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate to initiate a radical mechanism [2,3]. The Radical SAM core domain displays a fold related to the beta-barrel or TIM barrel, in which beta-strands are arranged in a barrel-like array, with peripheral helices intervening between beta-strands (see ). The [4Fe–4S] clusters and substrates are bound within the barrels, as is typical of TIM barrel enzymes [4,5]. The profile we developed covers the entire Radical SAM core domain. -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL. -Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE. -Last update: March 2020 / First entry. [ 1] Sofia H.J., Chen G., Hetzler B.G., Reyes-Spindola J.F., Miller N.E. "Radical SAM, a novel protein superfamily linking unresolved steps in familiar biosynthetic pathways with radical mechanisms: functional characterization using new analysis and information visualization methods." Nucleic. Acids. Res. 29:1097-1106(2001). PubMed=11222759; DOI=10.1093/nar/29.5.1097 [ 2] Benjdia A., Heil K., Barends T.R.M., Carell T., Schlichting I. "Structural insights into recognition and repair of UV-DNA damage by Spore Photoproduct Lyase, a radical SAM enzyme." Nucleic. Acids. Res. 40:9308-9318(2012). PubMed=22761404; DOI=10.1093/nar/gks603 [ 3] Frey P.A., Hegeman A.D., Ruzicka F.J. "The Radical SAM Superfamily." Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 43:63-88(2008). PubMed=18307109; DOI=10.1080/10409230701829169 [ 4] Davis K.M., Schramma K.R., Hansen W.A., Bacik J.P., Khare S.D., Seyedsayamdost M.R., Ando N. "Structures of the peptide-modifying radical SAM enzyme SuiB elucidate the basis of substrate recognition." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114:10420-10425(2017). PubMed=28893989; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1703663114 [ 5] Dowling D.P., Vey J.L., Croft A.K., Drennan C.L. "Structural diversity in the AdoMet radical enzyme superfamily." Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1824:1178-1195(2012). PubMed=22579873; DOI=10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.04.006 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see https://prosite.expasy.org/prosite_license.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- {END}