{PDOC51959}
{PS51959; ENDOU}
{BEGIN}
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* Eukaryotic uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (EndoU) domain profile *
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EndoU is  a  family  of  metal-dependent  endoribonucleases  that  is  broadly
conserved among  eukaryotes  [1,2].  EndoU family members have RNA-binding and
endoribonuclease activities  and  appear  to  be  involved  in many aspects of
biology, including  small nucleolar RNA biogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
network formation, immune response, and neurodegeneration:

 - Xenopus  laevis  endoribonuclease  XendoU is responsible for processing the
   intron encoded U16 and U86 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) [3,4].
 - Human   EndoU,   also   known  as  PP11  (placental  protein  11),  has  an
   endoribonuclease activity with placental tissue specificity [5,6].
 - Drosophila melanogaster CG2145 and DendoU endoribonucleases [7].
 - Caenorhabditis elegans endu-2 regulates nucleotide metabolism and germ cell
   proliferation in response to nucleotide imbalance and other genotoxic
   stress [8].

EndoU family  members  share a common domain, that carries out a conserved RNA
processing function.  The  EndoU  domain cleaves RNA at uridylates and release
2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester ends.

The EndoU domain is an alpha+beta domain, that contains nine alpha-helices and
three antiparallel  beta-sheets;  the  latter are clustered on one side of the
domain, whereas   the  alpha-helices  are  largely  on  the  other  side  (see
<PDB:2C1W>) [3].  It  contains  a  conserved  trio  of catalytic residues, two
histidines and a lysine.

The profile we developed covers the entire EndoU domain.

-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the profile: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
-Last update: January 2021 / First entry.

[ 1] Mushegian A., Sorokina I., Eroshkin A., Dlakic M.
     "An ancient evolutionary connection between Ribonuclease A and EndoU
     families."
     RNA 26:803-813(2020).
     PubMed=32284351; DOI=10.1261/rna.074385.119
[ 2] Ragno R., Gioia U., Laneve P., Bozzoni I., Mai A., Caffarelli E.
     "Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the XendoU
     endoribonucleases family."
     ChemMedChem 6:1797-1805(2011).
     PubMed=21805647; DOI=10.1002/cmdc.201100281
[ 3] Renzi F., Caffarelli E., Laneve P., Bozzoni I., Brunori M.,
     Vallone B.
     "The structure of the endoribonuclease XendoU: From small nucleolar
     RNA processing to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
     replication."
     Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:12365-12370(2006).
     PubMed=16895992; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0602426103
[ 4] Schwarz D.S., Blower M.D.
     "The calcium-dependent ribonuclease XendoU promotes ER network
     formation through local RNA degradation."
     J. Cell. Biol. 207:41-57(2014).
     PubMed=25287301; DOI=10.1083/jcb.201406037
[ 5] Laneve P., Gioia U., Ragno R., Altieri F., Di Franco C., Santini T.,
     Arceci M., Bozzoni I., Caffarelli E.
     "The tumor marker human placental protein 11 is an endoribonuclease."
     J. Biol. Chem. 283:34712-34719(2008).
     PubMed=18936097; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M805759200
[ 6] Poe J.C., Kountikov E.I., Lykken J.M., Natarajan A., Marchuk D.A.,
     Tedder T.F.
     "EndoU is a novel regulator of AICD during peripheral B cell
     selection."
     J. Exp. Med. 211:57-69(2014).
     PubMed=24344237; DOI=10.1084/jem.20130648
[ 7] Laneve P., Piacentini L., Casale A.M., Capauto D., Gioia U.,
     Cappucci U., Di Carlo V., Bozzoni I., Di Micco P., Morea V.,
     Di Franco C.A., Caffarelli E.
     "Drosophila CG3303 is an essential endoribonuclease linked to
     TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration."
     Sci. Rep. 7:41559-41559(2017).
     PubMed=28139767; DOI=10.1038/srep41559
[ 8] Jia F., Chi C., Han M.
     "Regulation of Nucleotide Metabolism and Germline Proliferation in
     Response to Nucleotide Imbalance and Genotoxic Stresses by EndoU
     Nuclease."
     Cell. Rep. 30:1848-1861.e5(2020).
     PubMed=32049015; DOI=10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.050

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