PROSITE documentation PDOC00189Solute carrier (Solcar) repeat profile
Different types of substrate carrier proteins involved in energy transfer are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane [1,2,3,4,5]. These are:
- The ADP,ATP carrier protein (AAC) (ADP/ATP translocase) which exports ATP into the cytosol and imports ADP into the mitochondrial matrix. The sequence of AAC has been obtained from various mammalian, plant and fungal species.
- The 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein (OGCP), which exports 2-oxoglutarate into the cytosol and imports malate or other dicarboxylic acids into the mitochondrial matrix. This protein plays an important role in several metabolic processes such as the malate/aspartate and the oxoglutarate/isocitrate shuttles.
- The phosphate carrier protein, which transports phosphate groups from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
- The brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP) which dissipates oxidative energy into heat by transporting protons from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
- The tricarboxylate transport protein (or citrate transport protein) which is involved in citrate-H+/malate exchange. It is important for the bioenergetics of hepatic cells as it provides a carbon source for fatty acid and sterol biosyntheses, and NAD for the glycolytic pathway.
- The Grave's disease carrier protein (GDC), a protein of unknown function recognized by IgG in patients with active Grave's disease.
- Yeast mitochondrial proteins MRS3 and MRS4. The exact function of these proteins is not known. They suppress a mitochondrial splice defect in the first intron of the COB gene and may act as carriers, exerting their suppressor activity by modulating solute concentrations in the mitochondrion.
- Yeast mitochondrial FAD carrier protein (gene FLX1).
- Yeast protein ACR1 [6], which seems essential for acetyl-CoA synthase activity.
- Yeast protein PET8.
- Yeast protein PMT.
- Yeast protein RIM2.
- Yeast protein YHM1/SHM1.
- Yeast protein YMC1.
- Yeast protein YMC2.
- Yeast hypothetical proteins YBR291c, YEL006w, YER053c, YFR045w, YHR002w, and YIL006w.
- Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein K11H3.3.
Two other proteins have been found to belong to this family, yet are not localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane:
- Maize amyloplast Brittle-1 protein. This protein, found in the endosperm of kernels, could play a role in amyloplast membrane transport.
- Candida boidinii peroxisomal membrane protein PMP47 [7]. PMP47 is an integral membrane protein of the peroxisome and it may play a role as a transporter.
These proteins all seem to be evolutionary related. Structurally, they consist of three tandem repeats of a domain of approximately one hundred residues. Each of these domains contains two transmembrane regions.
The profile we developed covers the entire solute carrier (Solcar) repeat.
Last update:August 2003 / Pattern removed and profile added.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
1 | Authors | Klingenberg M. |
Title | Mechanism and evolution of the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue. | |
Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 15:108-112(1990). | |
PubMed ID | 2158156 |
2 | Authors | Walker J.E. |
Source | Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2:519-526(1992). |
3 | Authors | Kuan J. Saier M.H. Jr. |
Source | CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 28:209-233(1993). |
4 | Authors | Kuan J. Saier M.H. Jr. |
Title | Expansion of the mitochondrial carrier family. | |
Source | Res. Microbiol. 144:671-672(1993). | |
PubMed ID | 8140286 |
5 | Authors | Nelson D.R. Lawson J.E. Klingenberg M. Douglas M.G. |
Title | Site-directed mutagenesis of the yeast mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator. Six arginines and one lysine are essential. | |
Source | J. Mol. Biol. 230:1159-1170(1993). | |
PubMed ID | 8487299 |
6 | Authors | Palmieri F. |
Title | Mitochondrial carrier proteins. | |
Source | FEBS Lett. 346:48-54(1994). | |
PubMed ID | 8206158 |
7 | Authors | Jank B. Habermann B. Schweyen R.J. Link T.A. |
Title | PMP47, a peroxisomal homologue of mitochondrial solute carrier proteins. | |
Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:427-428(1993). | |
PubMed ID | 8291088 |
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