PROSITE logo

PROSITE documentation PDOC00190
Sugar transport proteins signatures


Description

In mammalian cells the uptake of glucose is mediated by a family of closely related transport proteins which are called the glucose transporters [1,2,3]. At least seven of these transporters are currently known to exist (in Human they are encoded by the GLUT1 to GLUT7 genes).

These integral membrane proteins are predicted to comprise twelve membrane spanning domains. The glucose transporters show sequence similarities [4,5] with a number of other sugar or metabolite transport proteins listed below (references are only provided for recently determined sequences).

  • Escherichia coli arabinose-proton symport (araE).
  • Escherichia coli galactose-proton symport (galP).
  • Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae citrate-proton symport (also known as citrate utilization determinant) (gene cit).
  • Escherichia coli α-ketoglutarate permease (gene kgtP).
  • Escherichia coli proline/βine transporter (gene proP) [6].
  • Escherichia coli xylose-proton symport (xylE).
  • Zymomonas mobilis glucose facilitated diffusion protein (gene glf).
  • Yeast high and low affinity glucose transport proteins (genes SNF3, HXT1 to HXT14).
  • Yeast galactose transporter (gene GAL2).
  • Yeast maltose permeases (genes MAL3T and MAL6T).
  • Yeast myo-inositol transporters (genes ITR1 and ITR2).
  • Yeast carboxylic acid transporter protein homolog JEN1.
  • Yeast inorganic phosphate transporter (gene PHO84).
  • Kluyveromyces lactis lactose permease (gene LAC12).
  • Neurospora crassa quinate transporter (gene Qa-y), and Emericella nidulans quinate permease (gene qutD).
  • Chlorella hexose carrier (gene HUP1).
  • Arabidopsis thaliana glucose transporter (gene STP1).
  • Spinach sucrose transporter.
  • Leishmania donovani transporters D1 and D2.
  • Leishmania enriettii probable transport protein (LTP).
  • Yeast hypothetical proteins YBR241c, YCR98c and YFL040w.
  • Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein ZK637.1.
  • Escherichia coli hypothetical proteins yabE, ydjE and yhjE.
  • Haemophilus influenzae hypothetical proteins HI0281 and HI0418.
  • Bacillus subtilis hypothetical proteins yxbC and yxdF.

It has been suggested [4] that these transport proteins have evolved from the duplication of an ancestral protein with six transmembrane regions, this hypothesis is based on the conservation of two G-R-[KR] motifs. The first one is located between the second and third transmembrane domains and the second one between transmembrane domains 8 and 9.

We have developed two patterns to detect this family of proteins. The first pattern is based on the G-R-[KR] motif; but because this motif is too short to be specific to this family of proteins, we have derived a pattern from a larger region centered on the second copy of this motif. The second pattern is based on a number of conserved residues which are located at the end of the fourth transmembrane segment and in the short loop region between the fourth and fifth segments.

Last update:

April 2006 / Patterns revised.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

SUGAR_TRANSPORT_1, PS00216; Sugar transport proteins signature 1  (PATTERN)

SUGAR_TRANSPORT_2, PS00217; Sugar transport proteins signature 2  (PATTERN)


References

1AuthorsSilverman M.
TitleStructure and function of hexose transporters.
SourceAnnu. Rev. Biochem. 60:757-794(1991).
PubMed ID1883208
DOI10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.003545

2AuthorsGould G.W. Bell G.I.
TitleFacilitative glucose transporters: an expanding family.
SourceTrends Biochem. Sci. 15:18-23(1990).
PubMed ID2180146

3AuthorsBaldwin S.A.
TitleMammalian passive glucose transporters: members of an ubiquitous family of active and passive transport proteins.
SourceBiochim. Biophys. Acta 1154:17-49(1993).
PubMed ID8507645

4AuthorsMaiden M.C.J. Davis E.O. Baldwin S.A. Moore D.C.M. Henderson P.J.F.
TitleMammalian and bacterial sugar transport proteins are homologous.
SourceNature 325:641-643(1987).
PubMed ID3543693
DOI10.1038/325641a0

5AuthorsHenderson P.J.F.
SourceCurr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1:590-601(1991).

6AuthorsCulham D.E. Lasby B. Marangoni A.G. Milner J.L. Steer B.A. van Nues R.W. Wood J.M.
TitleIsolation and sequencing of Escherichia coli gene proP reveals unusual structural features of the osmoregulatory proline/betaine transporter, ProP.
SourceJ. Mol. Biol. 229:268-276(1993).
PubMed ID8421314



PROSITE is copyrighted by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, see prosite_license.html.

Miscellaneous

View entry in original PROSITE document format
View entry in raw text format (no links)