PROSITE documentation PDOC00514

Aminotransferases class-V pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site

Aminotransferases share certain mechanistic features with other pyridoxal-phosphate dependent enzymes, such as the covalent binding of the pyridoxal-phosphate group to a lysine residue. On the basis of sequence similarity, these various enzymes can be grouped [1,2] into subfamilies. One of these, called class-V, currently consists of the following enzymes:

• Phosphoserine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52), an enzyme which catalyzes the reversible interconversion of phosphoserine and 2-oxoglutarate to 3-phosphonooxypyruvate and glutamate. It is required both in the major phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis and in pyridoxine biosynthesis. The bacterial enzyme (gene serC) is highly similar to a rabbit endometrial progesterone-induced protein (EPIP), which is probably a phosphoserine aminotransferase [3].
• Serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.45) (SGAT) (gene sgaA) from Methylobacterium extorquens.
• Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.51). This enzyme also acts as an alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44). In vertebrates, it is located in the peroxisomes and/or mitochondria.
• Isopenicillin N epimerase (gene cefD). This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics and catalyzes the reversible isomerization of isopenicillin N and penicillin N.
• NifS, a protein of the nitrogen fixation operon of some bacteria and cyanobacteria. The exact function of nifS is not yet known. A highly similar protein has been found in fungi (gene NFS1 or SPL1).
• The small subunit of cyanobacterial soluble hydrogenase (EC 1.12.-.-).
• Hypothetical protein ycbU from Bacillus subtilis.
• Hypothetical protein YFL030w from yeast.

The sequence around the pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site of this class of enzyme is sufficiently conserved to allow the creation of a specific pattern.