PROSITE documentation PDOC51252Antistasin-like domain profile
Antistatin is a small, disulphide cross-linked serine protease inhibitor isolated from the salivary glands of the Mexican leech. It is a potent anticoagulant by virtue of its ability to inhibit factor Xa in the coagulation cascade. Antistatin also exhibits a strong antimetastatic activity. It contains internal repeats of a 25-26 amino acid sequence with a highly conserved pattern of 6 cysteine (Cys) and 2 glycine residues [1]. Many metazoan proteins share sequence homology with this antistasin-like domain. The unique physical properties of these related Cys-rich proteins (protease resistance; heat, chemical resilience) appear to stem from the common six Cys loop that is cross-linked by three disulfide bonds [2]. Disulfide linkages are between Cys1-Cys4, Cys2-Cys5, and Cys3-Cys6 [3,4].
The antistasin-like domain consists of very short antiparallel β-sheets and interacts with proteinases (see <PDB:1C9T>) [4].
Some proteins known to contain a antistasin-like domain are listed below:
- Hydra magnipapillata (Hydra) antistasin, a potent inhibitor of factor Xa.
- Haementeria officinalis (Mexican leech) antistasin, an anticoagulant that displays proteolytic resistance.
- Haementeria ghilianii (Amazon leech) ghilanten, a potent inhibitor of factor Xa.
- Hirudo medicinalis (Medicinal leech) hirustasin, it acts as an inhibitor of tissue kallikrein, trypsin, chymotrypsin and neutrophil cathepsin G.
- Hirudo medicinalis (Medicinal leech) bdellastasin, a strong inhibitor of mammalian trypsin, plasmin and acrosin.
- Hirudo nipponia (Korean leech) guamerin, it inhibits mammalian elastases.
- Hirudo nipponia (Korean leech) piguamerin, it inhibits plasma and tissue kallikrein, and trypsin.
- Theromyzon rude cocoon protein (Tcp), a Cys-rich protein that constitutes a major protein component of the cocoon wall.
- Theromyzon testulatum therostasin, a potent tight-binding inhibitor of mammalian Factor Xa [5].
- Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein C08G9.2.
- Vertebrate cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein.
The profile we developed covers the entire antistasin-like domain.
Last update:August 2006 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Holstein T.W. Mala C. Kurz E. Bauer K. Greber M. David C.N. |
| Title | The primitive metazoan Hydra expresses antistasin, a serine protease inhibitor of vertebrate blood coagulation: cDNA cloning, cellular localisation and developmental regulation. | |
| Source | FEBS Lett. 309:288-292(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1516699 |
| 2 | Authors | Mason T.A. McIlroy P.J. Shain D.H. |
| Title | A cysteine-rich protein in the Theromyzon (Annelida: Hirudinea) cocoon membrane. | |
| Source | FEBS Lett. 561:167-172(2004). | |
| PubMed ID | 15013771 | |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00167-X |
| 3 | Authors | Mason T.A. McIlroy P.J. Shain D.H. |
| Title | Structural model of an antistasin/notch-like fusion protein from the cocoon wall of the aquatic leech, Theromyzon tessulatum. | |
| Source | J. Mol. Model. (Online). 0:0-0(2006). | |
| PubMed ID | 16523290 | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00894-006-0107-1 |
| 4 | Authors | Rester U. Bode W. Moser M. Parry M.A.A. Huber R. Auerswald E. |
| Title | Structure of the complex of the antistasin-type inhibitor bdellastasin with trypsin and modelling of the bdellastasin-microplasmin system. | |
| Source | J. Mol. Biol. 293:93-106(1999). | |
| PubMed ID | 10512718 | |
| DOI | 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3162 |
| 5 | Authors | Chopin V. Salzet M. Baert J.-L. Vandenbulcke F. Sautiere P.-E. Kerckaert J.-P. Malecha J. |
| Title | Therostasin, a novel clotting factor Xa inhibitor from the rhynchobdellid leech, Theromyzon tessulatum. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 275:32701-32707(2000). | |
| PubMed ID | 10852926 | |
| DOI | 10.1074/jbc.M909217199 |
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