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PROSITE documentation PDOC51719
Septin-type guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain profile


Description

The P-loop (see <PDOC00017>) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) control a multitude of biological processes, ranging from cell division, cell cycling, and signal transduction, to ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. GTPases exert their control by interchanging between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state, thereby acting as molecular switches. The common denominator of GTPases is the highly conserved guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain that is responsible for binding and hydrolysis of guanine nucleotides.

Septins are a family of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins conserved from yeasts to humans. The septin family belongs to the guanosine-triphosphate (GTP)ase superclass of P-loop nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)ases. Septins participate in diverse cellular functions including cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking, vesicle fusion, axonal guidance and migration, diffusion barrier, scaffolds, pathogenesis and others. Septin monomers form homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes that assemble into filaments. Structurally all septins have a GTP-binding domain flanked by N- and C-terminal regions of variable length. The GTP-binding domain is the most highly conserved and is characterized by the presence of three of the five classical GTP-binding motifs. The G1 motif (or Walker A box, GxxxxGKS/T) forms the P-loop, which interacts directly with the nucleotide, whereas the G3 (DxxG) and G4 (xKxD) motifs are respectively essential for Mg(2+) binding and for conferring GTP binding specificity over other nucleotides. The basic structure of the septin-type G domain closely resembles the canonical G domain exemplified by Ras, with six β-strands and five α-helices. A unique feature of the septin-type G domain is the presence of four additional elements compared to Ras (see <PDB:2QA5>). These are the helix α5' between α4 and β6, the two antiparallel strands β7 and β8, and the α6 C-terminal helix that points away from the G domain at a 90 degrees angle relative to the axis of interaction between subunits [1,2,3,4,5].

The profile we developed covers the entire septin-type G domain.

Last update:

May 2014 / First entry.

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Technical section

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

G_SEPTIN, PS51719; Septin-type guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain profile  (MATRIX)


References

1AuthorsLeipe D.D. Wolf Y.I. Koonin E.V. Aravind L.
TitleClassification and evolution of P-loop GTPases and related ATPases.
SourceJ. Mol. Biol. 317:41-72(2002).
PubMed ID11916378
DOI10.1006/jmbi.2001.5378

2AuthorsVersele M. Thorner J.
TitleSome assembly required: yeast septins provide the instruction manual.
SourceTrends Cell Biol. 15:414-424(2005).
PubMed ID16009555
DOI10.1016/j.tcb.2005.06.007

3AuthorsSirajuddin M. Farkasovsky M. Hauer F. Kuehlmann D. Macara I.G. Weyand M. Stark H. Wittinghofer A.
TitleStructural insight into filament formation by mammalian septins.
SourceNature 449:311-315(2007).
PubMed ID17637674
DOI10.1038/nature06052

4AuthorsMacedo J.N.A: Valadares N.F. Marques I.A. Ferreira F.M. Damalio J.C.P. Pereira H.M. Garratt R.C. Araujo A.P.U.
TitleThe structure and properties of septin 3: a possible missing link in septin filament formation.
SourceBiochem. J. 450:95-105(2013).
PubMed ID23163726
DOI10.1042/BJ20120851

5AuthorsZeraik A.E. Rinaldi G. Mann V.H. Popratiloff A. Araujo A.P.U. Demarco R. Brindley P.J.
TitleSeptins of Platyhelminths: identification, phylogeny, expression and localization among developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni.
SourcePLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 7:E2602-E2602(2013).
PubMed ID24367716
DOI10.1371/journal.pntd.0002602



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