Lon (also known as endopeptidase La, EC 3.4.21.53) is a multi-domain ATP-dependent protease found throughout all kingdoms of life. It is involved in
protein quality control and several regulatory processes. All Lon proteases
contain an ATPase domain belonging to the AAA+ superfamily of molecular
machines, and a proteolytic domain with a serine-lysine catalytic dyad in
which a lysine assists the catalytic serine in proteolytic cleavage. Lon
proteases can be divided into two subfamilies: A type (A-Lons), which have a
large multi-lobed N-terminal domain (see <PDOC51787>) together with the ATPase
and protease domains, and B type (B-Lons), which lack an N domain, but have a
membrane-anchoring region emerging from the ATPase domain. B-Lons are found in
Archaea, in which they are the lone membrane-anchored ATP-dependent protease.
The soluble A-Lons are found in all bacteria and in eukaryotic cell
organelles, such as mitochondria and peroxisomes, and are needed for recovery
from various stress conditions [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The Lon proteolytic domain forms
peptidase family S16 of clan SJ [3,E1].
The structure of the Lon proteolytic domain consists of six α helices and
ten β strands (see <PDB:1RR9>) [1,2,3,4,5].
The profile we developed covers the entire Lon proteolytic domain.
Botos I. Melnikov E.E. Cherry S. Kozlov S. Makhovskaya O.V. Tropea J.E. Gustchina A. Rotanova T.V. Wlodawer A.
Title
Atomic-resolution crystal structure of the proteolytic domain of Archaeoglobus fulgidus lon reveals the conformational variability in the active sites of lon proteases.
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