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	PROSITE documentation PDOC00529 [for PROSITE entry PS00606]

Beta-ketoacyl synthases active site

β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (EC 2.3.1.41) (KAS) [1] is the enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-ACP with the growing fatty acid chain. It is found as a component of the following enzymatic systems:

• Fatty acid synthase (FAS), which catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. Bacterial and plant chloroplast FAS are composed of eight separate subunits which correspond to different enzymatic activities; β-ketoacyl synthase is one of these polypeptides. Fungal FAS consists of two multifunctional proteins, FAS1 and FAS2; the β-ketoacyl synthase domain is located in the C-terminal section of FAS2. Vertebrate FAS consists of a single multifunctional chain; the β-ketoacyl synthase domain is located in the N-terminal section [2].
• The multifunctional 6-methysalicylic acid synthase (MSAS) from Penicillium patulum [3]. This is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of a polyketide antibiotic and which has a KAS domain in its N-terminal section.
• Polyketide antibiotic synthase enzyme systems. Polyketides are secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms and plants from simple fatty acids. KAS is one of the components involved in the biosynthesis of the Streptomyces polyketide antibiotics granatacin [4], tetracenomycin C [5] and erythromycin.
• Emericella nidulans multifunctional protein Wa. Wa is involved in the biosynthesis of conidial green pigment. Wa is protein of 216 Kd that contains a KAS domain.
• Rhizobium nodulation protein nodE, which probably acts as a β-ketoacyl synthase in the synthesis of the nodulation Nod factor fatty acyl chain.
• Yeast mitochondrial protein CEM1.

The condensation reaction is a two step process: the acyl component of an activated acyl primer is transferred to a cysteine residue of the enzyme and is then condensed with an activated malonyl donor with the concomitant release of carbon dioxide. The sequence around the active site cysteine is well conserved and can be used as a signature pattern.

Last update:

April 2006 / Pattern revised.

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

B_KETOACYL_SYNTHASE, PS00606; Beta-ketoacyl synthases active site  (PATTERN)

• Consensus pattern:
  G-{A}-{KGR}-x(2)-[LIVMFTAP]-{R}-x-[AGC]-C-[STA](2)-[STAG]-x(2)-{LI}-[LIVMF]
  C is the active site residue
• Sequences in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot known to belong to this class: 244
  • detected by PS00606: 230 (true positives)
  • undetected by PS00606: 14 (12 false negatives and 2 'partials')
• Other sequence(s) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot detected by PS00606:
  9 false positives.
• Retrieve an alignment of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  /  Clustal format, color  /  Clustal format, plain text  /  Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic distribution of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS00606
• Retrieve a list of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS00606
• Scan UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot and/or TrEMBL) entries against PS00606
• View ligand binding statistics of PS00606
• Matching PDB structures: 1B3N 1DD8 1E5M 1FJ4 ... [ALL]

1	Authors	Kauppinen S., Siggaard-Andersen M., von Wettstein-Knowles P.
	Title	beta-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase I of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the fabB gene and identification of the cerulenin binding residue.
	Source	Carlsberg Res. Commun. 53:357-370(1988).
	PubMed ID	3076376

2	Authors	Witkowski A., Rangan V.S., Randhawa Z.I., Amy C.M., Smith S.
	Title	Structural organization of the multifunctional animal fatty-acid synthase.
	Source	Eur. J. Biochem. 198:571-579(1991).
	PubMed ID	2050137

3	Authors	Beck J., Ripka S., Siegner A., Schiltz E., Schweizer E.
	Title	The multifunctional 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase gene of Penicillium patulum. Its gene structure relative to that of other polyketide synthases.
	Source	Eur. J. Biochem. 192:487-498(1990).
	PubMed ID	2209605

4	Authors	Bibb M.J., Biro S., Motamedi H., Collins J.F., Hutchinson C.R.
	Title	Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the Streptomyces glaucescens tcmI genes provides key information about the enzymology of polyketide antibiotic biosynthesis.
	Source	EMBO J. 8:2727-2736(1989).
	PubMed ID	2684656

5	Authors	Sherman D.H., Malpartida F., Bibb M.J., Kieser H.M., Bibb M.J., Hopwood D.A.
	Title	Structure and deduced function of the granaticin-producing polyketide synthase gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tu22.
	Source	EMBO J. 8:2717-2725(1989).
	PubMed ID	2583128

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