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PROSITE documentation PDOC00175 [for PROSITE entry PS51085] |
Ferredoxins are small, acidic, electron transfer proteins that are ubiquitous in biological redox systems. They have either 4Fe-4S, 3Fe-4S, or 2Fe-2S cluster. Among them, ferredoxin with one 2Fe-2S cluster per molecule are present in plants, animals, and bacteria, and form a distinct 2Fe-Ferredoxin family [1,2]. They are proteins of around one hundred amino acids with four conserved cysteine residues to which the 2Fe-2S cluster is ligated. This conserved region is also found as a domain in various metabolic enzymes.
Several structures of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin domain have been determined (see for example <PDB:4FXC>) [3]. The domain is classified as a β-grasp which is characterized as having a β-sheet comprised of four β-strands and one α-helix flanking the sheet [4]. The two Fe atoms are coordinated tetrahedrally by the two inorganic S atoms and four cysteinyl S atoms.
Some proteins that contains a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type domain are listed below:
Three of the four conserved cysteines are clustered together in the same region of the protein. Our signature pattern spans that iron-sulfur binding region. We also developed a profile that covers the whole domain.
Note:Ferredoxins from the adrenodoxin subfamily are slightly divergent and are not picked up by our pattern (but they are recognized by the profile). We have thus developed a second pattern specific for this subfamily (see <PDOC00642>).
Last update:March 2005 / Text revised; profile added.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
1 | Authors | Meyer J. |
Source | Trends Ecol. Evol. 3:222-226(1988). |
2 | Authors | Harayama S. Polissi A. Rekik M. |
Title | Divergent evolution of chloroplast-type ferredoxins. | |
Source | FEBS Lett. 285:85-88(1991). | |
PubMed ID | 2065785 |
3 | Authors | Fukuyama K. Ueki N. Nakamura H. Tsukihara T. Matsubara H. |
Title | Tertiary structure of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from Spirulina platensis refined at 2.5 A resolution: structural comparisons of plant-type ferredoxins and an electrostatic potential analysis. | |
Source | J. Biochem. 117:1017-1023(1995). | |
PubMed ID | 8586613 |
4 | Authors | Overington J.P. |
Source | Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2:394-401(1992). |