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PROSITE documentation PDOC51943 [for PROSITE entry PS51944]
Coronavirus Nsp3a and Nsp3d Ubl domains profiles


Description

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses that infect many species, including humans, other mammals, and birds. After infection, the host may develop respiratory, bowel, liver, and neurological diseases. Coronaviruses are divided into four genera: αcoronavirus, βcoronavirus, γcoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. SARS, SARS-CoV-2, BatCoV RaTG13 and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus (BATSL-CoVZXC21 and BAT-SL-CoVZC45) belong to the Sarbecovirus subgenus of βcoronavirus [E1].

The CoV replicase gene encodes two overlapping polyproteins, termed pp1a and pp1ab, which mediate viral replication and transcription. The polypeptides pp1a and pp1ab are processed by the action of a main protease (Nsp5) (see <PDOC51442>) and of one or two papain-like proteases (PLpro) (see <PDOC51124>) found in Nsp3 into non-structural proteins (Nsps) to form the replication/ transcription complex (RTC). Among these, Nsp3 is a glycosylated, multidomain, integral membrane protein. Nsp3 plays many roles in the viral life cycle. It can act as a scaffold protein to interact with itself and to bind other viral Nsps or host proteins. In particular, Nsp3 is essential for RTC formation. Nsp3 comprises various domains of functional and structural importance for virus replication, the organization of which differs between CoV genera, due to duplication or absence of some domains [1]. Two ubiquitin-like domains (see <PDOC00271>), Ubl1 and Ubl2 (Nsp3a and the N-terminal domain of Nsp3d), exist within Nsp3 of all CoVs. The known functional roles of Nsp3a Ubl in CoVs are related to single-stranded (ssRNA) binding and interacting with the nucleocapsid (N) protein (see <PDOC51928>) [2,3]. Nsp3d Ubl is immediately adjacent to the N-terminus of the PLpro (or PL2Pro) domain in CoV polyproteins, and it may play a critical role in protease regulation and stability as well as in viral infection [4,5,6,7].

In addition to the four β-strands and two α-helices that are common to ubiquitin-like folds, the Nsp3a Ubl domain contains two short helices (see <PDB:2IDY>) [2,3]. The Nsp3d Ubl domain comprises five β-strands, one α-helix, and one 3(10)-helix (see <PDB:4P16>) [4,5,7].

The profiles we developed cover the entire CoV Nsp3a and Nsp3d Ubl domains.

Last update:

December 2021 / Profile revised.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

COV_NSP3D_UBL, PS51944; Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile  (MATRIX)

COV_NSP3A_UBL, PS51943; Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile  (MATRIX)


References

1AuthorsLei J. Kusov Y. Hilgenfeld R.
TitleNsp3 of coronaviruses: Structures and functions of a large multi-domain protein.
SourceAntiviral. Res. 149:58-74(2018).
PubMed ID29128390
DOI10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.001

2AuthorsSerrano P. Johnson M.A. Almeida M.S. Horst R. Herrmann T. Joseph J.S. Neuman B.W. Subramanian V. Saikatendu K.S. Buchmeier M.J. Stevens R.C. Kuhn P. Wuethrich K.
TitleNuclear magnetic resonance structure of the N-terminal domain of nonstructural protein 3 from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
SourceJ. Virol. 81:12049-12060(2007).
PubMed ID17728234
DOI10.1128/JVI.00969-07

3AuthorsKeane S.C. Giedroc D.P.
TitleSolution structure of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) nsp3a and determinants of the interaction with MHV nucleocapsid (N) protein.
SourceJ. Virol. 87:3502-3515(2013).
PubMed ID23302895
DOI10.1128/JVI.03112-12

4AuthorsLei J. Mesters J.R. Drosten C. Anemueller S. Ma Q. Hilgenfeld R.
TitleCrystal structure of the papain-like protease of MERS coronavirus reveals unusual, potentially druggable active-site features.
SourceAntiviral. Res. 109:72-82(2014).
PubMed ID24992731
DOI10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.011

5AuthorsChou C.-Y. Lai H.Y. Chen H.-Y. Cheng S.-C. Cheng K.-W. Chou Y.-W.
TitleStructural basis for catalysis and ubiquitin recognition by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease.
SourceActa Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 70:572-581(2014).
PubMed ID24531491
DOI10.1107/S1399004713031040

6AuthorsClasman J.R. Baez-Santos Y.M. Mettelman R.C. O'Brien A. Baker S.C. Mesecar A.D.
TitleX-ray Structure and Enzymatic Activity Profile of a Core Papain-like Protease of MERS Coronavirus with utility for structure-based drug design.
SourceSci. Rep. 7:40292-40292(2017).
PubMed ID28079137
DOI10.1038/srep40292

7AuthorsGao X. Qin B. Chen P. Zhu K. Hou P. Wojdyla J.A. Wang M. Cui S.
TitleCrystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease.
SourceActa Pharm. Sin. B. 0:0-0(2020).
PubMed ID32895623
DOI10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.014

E1Titlehttps://viralzone.expasy.org/30?outline=all_by_species



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