PROSITE documentation PDOC00098

Aminotransferases class-I pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site

Aminotransferases share certain mechanistic features with other pyridoxal-phosphate dependent enzymes, such as the covalent binding of the pyridoxal-phosphate group to a lysine residue. On the basis of sequence similarity, these various enzymes can be grouped [1,2] into subfamilies. One of these, called class-I, currently consists of the following enzymes:

• Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1). AAT catalyzes the reversible transfer of the amino group from L-aspartate to 2-oxoglutarate to form oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. In eukaryotes, there are two AAT isozymes: one is located in the mitochondrial matrix, the second is cytoplasmic. In prokaryotes, only one form of AAT is found (gene aspC).
• Tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) which catalyzes the first step in tyrosine catabolism by reversibly transferring its amino group to 2- oxoglutarate to form 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-glutamate.
• Aromatic aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.57) involved in the synthesis of Phe, Tyr, Asp and Leu (gene tyrB).
• 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (EC 4.4.1.14) (ACC synthase) from plants. ACC synthase catalyzes the first step in ethylene biosynthesis.
• Pseudomonas denitrificans cobC, which is involved in cobalamin biosynthesis.
• Yeast hypothetical protein YJL060w.

The sequence around the pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site of this class of enzyme is sufficiently conserved to allow the creation of a specific pattern.