PROSITE documentation PDOC00238Pancreatic hormone family signature and profile
Pancreatic hormone (PP) [1] is a peptide synthesized in pancreatic islets of Langherhans, which acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions. A number of other active peptides are homologous to pancreatic hormone:
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) [2], one of the most abundant peptides in the mammalian nervous system. NPY is implicated in the control of feeding and the secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
- Peptide YY (PYY) [3]. PPY is a gut peptide that inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibits jejunal and colonic mobility.
- Various NPY and PYY-like polypeptides from fish and amphibians [4,5].
- Neuropeptide F (NPF) from invertebrates such as worms and snail [6].
- Skin peptide Tyr-Tyr (SPYY) from the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. SPYY shows a large spectra of antibacterial and antifungal activity.
All these peptides are 36 to 39 amino acids long. Like most active peptides, their C-terminal is amidated and they are synthesized as larger protein precursors. The signature for these peptides is based on the last 17 C-terminal residues, where three positions are completely conserved. A profile was also developed that spans the whole peptide.
Last update:December 2001 / Text revised; profile added.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Blundell T.L. Humbel R.E. |
| Title | Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth factors. | |
| Source | Nature 287:781-787(1980). | |
| PubMed ID | 6107857 |
| 2 | Authors | Allen J. Novotny J. Martin J. Heinrich G. |
| Title | Molecular structure of mammalian neuropeptide Y: analysis by molecular cloning and computer-aided comparison with crystal structure of avian homologue. | |
| Source | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:2532-2536(1987). | |
| PubMed ID | 3031687 |
| 3 | Authors | Tatemoto K. |
| Title | Isolation and characterization of peptide YY (PYY), a candidate gut hormone that inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion. | |
| Source | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:2514-2518(1982). | |
| PubMed ID | 6953409 |
| 4 | Authors | Jensen J. Conlon J.M. |
| Title | Characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of teleost fish. | |
| Source | Eur. J. Biochem. 210:405-410(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1459125 |
| 5 | Authors | Conlon J.M. Chartrel N. Vaudry H. |
| Title | Primary structure of frog PYY: implications for the molecular evolution of the pancreatic polypeptide family. | |
| Source | Peptides 13:145-149(1992). | |
| PubMed ID | 1620652 |
| 6 | Authors | Curry W.J. Shaw C. Johnston C.F. Thim L. Buchanan K.D. |
| Source | Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101C:269-274(1992). |
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