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PROSITE documentation PDOC00622
Glycosyl hydrolases family 11 (GH11) active sites signatures and domain profile


Description

The microbial degradation of cellulose and xylans requires several types of enzymes such as endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) (exoglucanases), or xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) [1,2]. Fungi and bacteria produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. One of these families is known as the cellulase family G [3] or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 11 (GH11) [4,E1,E2]. Family 11 is monospecific, only consisting of xylanases. The enzymes which are currently known to belong to this family are listed below.

  • Aspergillus awamori xylanase C (xynC).
  • Bacillus circulans, pumilus, stearothermophilus and subtilis xylanase (xynA).
  • Clostridium acetobutylicum xylanase (xynB).
  • Clostridium stercorarium xylanase A (xynA).
  • Fibrobacter succinogenes xylanase C (xynC) which consist of two catalytic domains that both belong to family 10.
  • Neocallimastix patriciarum xylanase A (xynA).
  • Ruminococcus flavefaciens bifunctional xylanase XYLA (xynA). This protein consists of three domains: a N-terminal xylanase catalytic domain that belongs to family 11 of glycosyl hydrolases; a central domain composed of short repeats of Gln, Asn an Trp, and a C-terminal xylanase catalytic domain that belongs to family 10 of glycosyl hydrolases.
  • Schizophyllum commune xylanase A.
  • Streptomyces lividans xylanases B (xlnB) and C (xlnC).
  • Trichoderma reesei xylanases I and II.

The GH11 domain folds into a jelly-roll shape likened to a partially closed right hand (see <PDB:4HK8>). Several anti-parallel β-strands bend almost 90 degrees to produce a substrate-binding groove characteristic of the GH11 domain active sites. Two catalytic Glu residues face each other from opposite sides of the groove. The hydrolysis reaction is believed to follow a double-displacement mechanism, with one Glu residue acting as a general acid/base catalyst and the other as a nucleophile.

Two of the conserved regions in these enzymes are centered on glutamic acid residues which have both been shown [5], in Bacillus pumilis xylanase, to be necessary for catalytic activity. We have used both regions as signature patterns. We have also developed a profile that covers the entire GH11 domain.

Expert(s) to contact by email:

Henrissat B.

Last update:

June 2015 / Text revised; profile added.

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Technical section

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

GH11_3, PS51761; Glycosyl hydrolases family 11 (GH11) domain profile  (MATRIX)

GH11_1, PS00776; Glycosyl hydrolases family 11 (GH11) active site signature 1  (PATTERN)

GH11_2, PS00777; Glycosyl hydrolases family 11 (GH11) active site signature 2  (PATTERN)


References

1AuthorsBeguin P.
TitleMolecular biology of cellulose degradation.
SourceAnnu. Rev. Microbiol. 44:219-248(1990).
PubMed ID2252383
DOI10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.001251

2AuthorsGilkes N.R. Henrissat B. Kilburn D.G. Miller R.C. Jr. Warren R.A.J.
TitleDomains in microbial beta-1, 4-glycanases: sequence conservation, function, and enzyme families.
SourceMicrobiol. Rev. 55:303-315(1991).
PubMed ID1886523

3AuthorsHenrissat B. Claeyssens M. Tomme P. Lemesle L. Mornon J.-P.
TitleCellulase families revealed by hydrophobic cluster analysis.
SourceGene 81:83-95(1989).
PubMed ID2806912

4AuthorsHenrissat B.
TitleA classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities.
SourceBiochem. J. 280:309-316(1991).
PubMed ID1747104

5AuthorsKo E.P. Akatsuka H. Moriyama H. Shinmyo A. Hata Y. Katsube Y. Urabe I. Okada H.
TitleSite-directed mutagenesis at aspartate and glutamate residues of xylanase from Bacillus pumilus.
SourceBiochem. J. 288:117-121(1992).
PubMed ID1359880

6AuthorsWan Q. Zhang Q. Hamilton-Brehm S. Weiss K. Mustyakimov M. Coates L. Langan P. Graham D. Kovalevsky A.
TitleX-ray crystallographic studies of family 11 xylanase Michaelis and product complexes: implications for the catalytic mechanism.
SourceActa Crystallogr. D 70:11-23(2014).
PubMed ID24419374
DOI10.1107/S1399004713023626

E1Titlehttps://www.uniprot.org/docs/glycosid

E2Sourcehttp://www.cazy.org/GH11.html



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