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PROSITE documentation PDOC00761Clathrin adaptor complexes medium chain signatures
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PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/prosite/documentation/PDOC00761
Clathrin coated vesicles (CCV) mediate intracellular membrane traffic such as receptor mediated endocytosis. In addition to clathrin, the CCV are composed of a number of other components including oligomeric complexes which are known as adaptor or clathrin assembly proteins (AP) complexes [1]. The adaptor complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. In mammals two type of adaptor complexes are known: AP-1 which is associated with the Golgi complex and AP-2 which is associated with the plasma membrane. Both AP-1 and AP-2 are heterotetramers that consist of two large chains - the adaptins - (γ and β' in AP-1; α and β in AP-2); a medium chain (AP47 in AP-1; AP50 in AP-2) and a small chain (AP19 in AP-1; AP17 in AP-2).
The medium chains of AP-1 and AP-2 are evolutionary related proteins of about 50 Kd. Homologs of AP47 and AP50 have also been found in Caenorhabditis elegans (genes unc-101 and ap50) [2] and yeast (gene APM1 or YAP54) [3].
Some more divergent, but clearly evolutionary related proteins have also been found in yeast: APM2 and YBR288c.
As signature patterns, we selected two conserved regions, one located in the N-terminal region, the other from the central section of these proteins.
Last update:December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Pearse B.M. Robinson M.S. |
| Title | Clathrin, adaptors, and sorting. | |
| Source | Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:151-171(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2177341 | |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev.cb.06.110190.001055 |
| 2 | Authors | Lee J. Jongeward G.D. Sternberg P.W. |
| Title | unc-101, a gene required for many aspects of Caenorhabditis elegans development and behavior, encodes a clathrin-associated protein. | |
| Source | Genes Dev. 8:60-73(1994). | |
| PubMed ID | 8288128 |
| 3 | Authors | Nakayama Y. Goebl M. O'Brine G.B. Lemmon S. Pingchang C.E. Kirchhausen T. |
| Source | Eur. J. Biochem. 202:569-574(1991). |
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