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PROSITE documentation PDOC50180Gamma-adaptin ear (GAE) domain profile
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PURL: https://purl.expasy.org/prosite/documentation/PDOC50180
The adaptor proteins AP-1 and GGA (Golgi-localized, γ ear-containing, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-binding proteins) regulate membrane traffic between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosome/lysosomes through ARF-regulated membrane association, recognition of sorting signals, and recruitment of clathrin and accessory proteins. The γ-adaptin ear (GAE) domain is a C-terminal appendage or ear of about 120 residues, which is found in γ-adaptins, the heavy subunits of the AP-1 complex, and in GGAs. The GAE domain, which is found in associated with other domains such as VHS (see <PDOC50179>), coiled-coils and GAT, is involved in the recruitment of accessory proteins, such as γ-synergin, Rababptin-5, Eps15 and cyclin G-associated kinase, which modulate the functions of GAE domain containing proteins in the membrane trafficking events [1,2,3,4].
The resolution of the 3D-structure of the human γ-adaptin GAE domain shows that it forms an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich fold composed of eight β-strands with two short α-helices (see <PDB:1IU1>). The topology of the entire GAE domain is similar to those of the N-terminal subdomains in the α- and β-adaptin ear domains of the AP-2 complex. However, the GAE domain has very low sequence identity and homology to the N-terminal immunoglobulin-like subdomains of the α and β ear domains. The binding site for the accessory proteins has been located to a shallow hydrophobic trough surrounded by charged (mainly basic) residues [3,4].
The profile we developed covers the entire GAE domain.
Last update:May 2003 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Hirst J. Lui W.W.Y. Bright N.A. Totty N. Seaman M.N.J. Robinson M.S. |
| Title | A family of proteins with gamma-adaptin and VHS domains that facilitate trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and the vacuole/lysosome. | |
| Source | J. Cell Biol. 149:67-80(2000). | |
| PubMed ID | 10747088 |
| 2 | Authors | Poussu A. Lohi O. Lehto V.-P. |
| Title | Vear, a novel Golgi-associated protein with VHS and gamma-adaptin 'ear' domains. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 275:7176-7183(2000). | |
| PubMed ID | 10702286 |
| 3 | Authors | Nogi T. Shiba Y. Kawasaki M. Shiba T. Matsugaki N. Igarashi N. Suzuki M. Kato R. Takatsu H. Nakayama K. Wakatsuki S. |
| Title | Structural basis for the accessory protein recruitment by the gamma-adaptin ear domain. | |
| Source | Nat. Struct. Biol. 9:527-531(2002). | |
| PubMed ID | 12042876 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/nsb808 |
| 4 | Authors | Kent H.M. McMahon H.T. Evans P.R. Benmerah A. Owen D.J. |
| Title | Gamma-adaptin appendage domain: structure and binding site for Eps15 and gamma-synergin. | |
| Source | Structure 10:1139-1148(2002). | |
| PubMed ID | 12176391 |
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