PROSITE documentation PDOC50216DHHC domain profile
Palmitoylation or, more specificaly S-acylation, plays important roles in the regulation of protein localization, stability, and activity. It is a posttranslational protein modification that involves the attachment of palmitic acid to Cys residues through a thioester linkage. Protein acyltransferases (PATs), also known as palmitoyltransferases, catalyze this reaction by transferring the palmitoyl group from palmitoyl-CoA to the thiol group of Cys residues. They are characterized by the presence of 50-residue-long domain called the DHHC domain, which in most but not all cases is also cysteine-rich and gets its name from a highly conserved DHHC signature tetrapeptide (Asp-His-His-Cys). The Cys residue within the DHHC domain forms a stable acyl intermediate and transfers the acyl chain to the Cys residues of a target protein [1,2].
Some of the proteins containing a DHHC domain are listed below:
- Drosophila DNZ1 protein.
- Mouse Abl-philin 2 (Aph2) protein. Interacts with c-Abl. May play a role in apoptosis.
- Mammalian ZDHHC9, an integral membrane protein.
- Yeast ankyrin repeat-containing protein AKR1.
- Yeast Erf2 protein. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and seems to be important for Ras function [3].
- Arabidopsis thaliana tip growth defective 1 [4].
The profile we developed covers the entire DHHC domain.
Last update:May 2016 / Text revised.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Ohno Y. Kashio A. Ogata R. Ishitomi A. Yamazaki Y. Kihara A. |
| Title | Analysis of substrate specificity of human DHHC protein acyltransferases using a yeast expression system. | |
| Source | Mol. Biol. Cell 23:4543-4551(2012). | |
| PubMed ID | 23034182 | |
| DOI | 10.1091/mbc.E12-05-0336 |
| 2 | Authors | Gonzalez Montoro A. Chumpen Ramirez S. Valdez Taubas J. |
| Title | The canonical DHHC motif is not absolutely required for the activity of the yeast S-acyltransferases Swf1 and Pfa4. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 290:22448-22459(2015). | |
| PubMed ID | 26224664 | |
| DOI | 10.1074/jbc.M115.651356 |
| 3 | Authors | Bartels D.J. Mitchell D.A. Dong X. Deschenes R.J. |
| Title | Erf2, a novel gene product that affects the localization and palmitoylation of Ras2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | |
| Source | Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6775-6787(1999). | |
| PubMed ID | 10490616 |
| 4 | Authors | Hemsley P.A. Kemp A.C. Grierson C.S. |
| Title | The TIP GROWTH DEFECTIVE1 S-Acyl Transferase Regulates Plant Cell Growth in Arabidopsis. | |
| Source | Plant Cell 17:2554-2563(2005). | |
| PubMed ID | 16100337 | |
| DOI | 10.1105/tpc.105.031237 |
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