PROSITE documentation PDOC51960Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses that infect many species, including humans, other mammals, and birds. After infection, the host may develop respiratory, bowel, liver, and neurological diseases. Coronaviruses are divided into four genera: αcoronavirus, βcoronavirus, γcoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. The ideal hosts of αCoV and βCoV are mammals, and γCoV primarily infects birds, while DeltaCoV has been identified in both mammals and birds. SARS, SARS-CoV-2, BatCoV RaTG13 and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus (BATSL-CoVZXC21 and BAT-SL-CoVZC45) belong to the Sarbecovirus subgenus of βCoV [E1].
The CoV replicase gene encodes two overlapping polyproteins, termed pp1a and pp1ab, which mediate viral replication and transcription. The polypeptides pp1a and pp1ab are processed by the action of a main protease (Nsp5) (see <PDOC51442>) and of one or two papain-like proteases (PLpro) (see <PDOC51124>) found in Nsp3 into non-structural proteins (Nsps) to form the replication/ transcription complex (RTC). Among them, Nsp15 is a nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) that plays an essential role in the life cycle of the virus. CoV Nsp15 consists of three distinct domains, a small N-terminal, an intermediate-sized middle, and a large C-terminal NendoU domain (see <PDOC51958>). CoV Nsp15 forms double-ring hexamers made of dimers of trimers. The hexameric form is thought to be the fully active form of CoV Nsp15 and the hexamer is stabilized by interactions of the N-terminal oligomerization domain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].
The CoV Nsp15 NTD oligomerization domain is composed of an antiparallel β-sheet (strands β1, β2, and β3) wrapped around two α-helices (α1 and α2) (see <PDB:6VWW>) [5,6,7].
The profile we developed covers the entire CoV Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain.
Last update:February 2021 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
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