PROSITE documentation PDOC51961Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile
Positive-stranded RNA (+RNA) viruses that belong to the order Nidovirales infect a wide range of vertebrates (families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae) or invertebrates (Mesoniviridae and Roniviridae). Examples of nidoviruses with high economic and societal impact are the arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans.
In all nidoviruses, at least two-thirds of the capacity of the polycistronic genome is occupied by the two large open reading frames (ORFs; 1a and 1b) that together constitute the replicase gene. The two polyproteins produced, pp1a (ORF1a-encoded) and pp1ab (ORF1a/ORF1b-encoded), are processed to a dozen or more nonstructural proteins (Nsps) by the virus' main protease (3CLpro, encoded in ORF1a) (see <PDOC51442>) with possible involvement of other protease(s). Among the Nsps found in Nidovirales, nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) from coronaviruses and Nsp11 from arteriviruses participate in the viral replication process and in the evasion of the host immune system. They contain in their C-terminal region a conserved endoribonuclease domain called nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) with cleavage specificity for single- and double-stranded RNA 5' of uridine nucleotides to produce a 2'-3'-cyclic phosphate end product. Arterivirus Nsp11 contains two conserved compact domains: the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (NendoU), whereas coronavirus Nsp15 folds into three domains: N-terminal, middle domain, and C-terminal catalytic NendoU domain. No counterpart corresponding to the NTD of coronavirus Nsp15 exists in arterivirus Nsp11 and the NTD of arterivirus Nsp11 is small and related to the central domain. The arterivirus Nsp11 NTD and coronavirus Nsp15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain may serve as an interaction hubs with other proteins and RNA [1,2,3,4,5,6].
The AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M domain contains a central β-sheet flanked by two small α-helices on either side [4,5,6].
The profile we developed covers the entire AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M domain.
Last update:February 2021 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
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| Title | The Nonstructural Proteins Directing Coronavirus RNA Synthesis and Processing. | |
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| PubMed ID | 27712628 | |
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| Title | Insight into the evolution of nidovirus endoribonuclease based on the finding that nsp15 from porcine Deltacoronavirus functions as a dimer. | |
| Source | J. Biol. Chem. 293:12054-12067(2018). | |
| PubMed ID | 29887523 | |
| DOI | 10.1074/jbc.RA118.003756 |
| 3 | Authors | Xu X. Zhai Y. Sun F. Lou Z. Su D. Xu Y. Zhang R. Joachimiak A. Zhang X.C. Bartlam M. Rao Z. |
| Title | New antiviral target revealed by the hexameric structure of mouse hepatitis virus nonstructural protein nsp15. | |
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| PubMed ID | 16873248 | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.00525-06 |
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| Title | Structural Biology of the Arterivirus nsp11 Endoribonucleases. | |
| Source | J. Virol. 91:0-0(2017). | |
| PubMed ID | 27795409 | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.01309-16 |
| 5 | Authors | Zhang L. Li L. Yan L. Ming Z. Jia Z. Lou Z. Rao Z. |
| Title | Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Endoribonuclease Nsp15 Encoded by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. | |
| Source | J. Virol. 92:0-0(2018). | |
| PubMed ID | 30135128 | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.00893-18 |
| 6 | Authors | Kim Y. Jedrzejczak R. Maltseva N.I. Wilamowski M. Endres M. Godzik A. Michalska K. Joachimiak A. |
| Title | Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Source | Protein. Sci. 29:1596-1605(2020). | |
| PubMed ID | 32304108 | |
| DOI | 10.1002/pro.3873 |
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