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	PROSITE documentation PDOC00189 [for PROSITE entry PS50920]

Solute carrier (Solcar) repeat profile

Different types of substrate carrier proteins involved in energy transfer are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane [1,2,3,4,5]. These are:

• The ADP,ATP carrier protein (AAC) (ADP/ATP translocase) which exports ATP into the cytosol and imports ADP into the mitochondrial matrix. The sequence of AAC has been obtained from various mammalian, plant and fungal species.
• The 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein (OGCP), which exports 2-oxoglutarate into the cytosol and imports malate or other dicarboxylic acids into the mitochondrial matrix. This protein plays an important role in several metabolic processes such as the malate/aspartate and the oxoglutarate/isocitrate shuttles.
• The phosphate carrier protein, which transports phosphate groups from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
• The brown fat uncoupling protein (UCP) which dissipates oxidative energy into heat by transporting protons from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.
• The tricarboxylate transport protein (or citrate transport protein) which is involved in citrate-H+/malate exchange. It is important for the bioenergetics of hepatic cells as it provides a carbon source for fatty acid and sterol biosyntheses, and NAD for the glycolytic pathway.
• The Grave's disease carrier protein (GDC), a protein of unknown function recognized by IgG in patients with active Grave's disease.
• Yeast mitochondrial proteins MRS3 and MRS4. The exact function of these proteins is not known. They suppress a mitochondrial splice defect in the first intron of the COB gene and may act as carriers, exerting their suppressor activity by modulating solute concentrations in the mitochondrion.
• Yeast mitochondrial FAD carrier protein (gene FLX1).
• Yeast protein ACR1 [6], which seems essential for acetyl-CoA synthase activity.
• Yeast protein PET8.
• Yeast protein PMT.
• Yeast protein RIM2.
• Yeast protein YHM1/SHM1.
• Yeast protein YMC1.
• Yeast protein YMC2.
• Yeast hypothetical proteins YBR291c, YEL006w, YER053c, YFR045w, YHR002w, and YIL006w.
• Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein K11H3.3.

Two other proteins have been found to belong to this family, yet are not localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane:

• Maize amyloplast Brittle-1 protein. This protein, found in the endosperm of kernels, could play a role in amyloplast membrane transport.
• Candida boidinii peroxisomal membrane protein PMP47 [7]. PMP47 is an integral membrane protein of the peroxisome and it may play a role as a transporter.

These proteins all seem to be evolutionary related. Structurally, they consist of three tandem repeats of a domain of approximately one hundred residues. Each of these domains contains two transmembrane regions.

The profile we developed covers the entire solute carrier (Solcar) repeat.

Last update:

August 2003 / Pattern removed and profile added.

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

SOLCAR, PS50920; Solute carrier (Solcar) repeat profile  (MATRIX)

• Sequences in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot known to belong to this class: 472
  • detected by PS50920: 471 (true positives)
  • undetected by PS50920: 1 (1 false negative and 0 'partial')
• Other sequence(s) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot detected by PS50920:
  NONE.
• Domain architecture view of Swiss-Prot proteins matching PS50920
  
• Retrieve an alignment of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  /  Clustal format, color  /  Clustal format, plain text  /  Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic distribution of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS50920
• Retrieve a list of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS50920
• Scan UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot and/or TrEMBL) entries against PS50920
• View ligand binding statistics of PS50920
• Matching PDB structures: 1OKC 2C3E 2LCK 4C9G ... [ALL]

1	Authors	Klingenberg M.
	Title	Mechanism and evolution of the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue.
	Source	Trends Biochem. Sci. 15:108-112(1990).
	PubMed ID	2158156

2	Authors	Walker J.E.
	Source	Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2:519-526(1992).

3	Authors	Kuan J., Saier M.H. Jr.
	Source	CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 28:209-233(1993).

4	Authors	Kuan J., Saier M.H. Jr.
	Title	Expansion of the mitochondrial carrier family.
	Source	Res. Microbiol. 144:671-672(1993).
	PubMed ID	8140286

5	Authors	Nelson D.R., Lawson J.E., Klingenberg M., Douglas M.G.
	Title	Site-directed mutagenesis of the yeast mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator. Six arginines and one lysine are essential.
	Source	J. Mol. Biol. 230:1159-1170(1993).
	PubMed ID	8487299

6	Authors	Palmieri F.
	Title	Mitochondrial carrier proteins.
	Source	FEBS Lett. 346:48-54(1994).
	PubMed ID	8206158

7	Authors	Jank B., Habermann B., Schweyen R.J., Link T.A.
	Title	PMP47, a peroxisomal homologue of mitochondrial solute carrier proteins.
	Source	Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:427-428(1993).
	PubMed ID	8291088

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