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	PROSITE documentation PDOC51211 [for PROSITE entry PS51211]

Vitellogenin domain profile

The vitellogenin (VTG) protein, a major lipoprotein in many oviparous animals, is a precursor of a lipid-binding product named as lipovitellin. Lipovitellin is the major lipid-protein complex found in the yolk of egg-laying animals, and is involved in lipid and metal storage. At the N-terminal, it contains a sequence of about 670 amino acids (LV1n chain), which is also conserved in other large lipoproteins, such as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) [1,2,3].

The crystal structure of lipovitellin has been solved (see <PDB:1LSH>) [4]. It shows that the N-terminal domain (LV1n chain) contains two subdomains the N sheet, and the helical subdomain. It also includes portions of two more subdomains, which are part of the LV1c chain, one β-strand of the A-sheet, and five β-strands of the C-sheet. The N-sheet subdomain forms a barrel-like conformation. It contains two disulfide bridges (cys1-cys2, cys3-cys4). The first disulfide bridge appears to be conserved in both MTP and apoB [1,4]. The helical subdomain has a crescent shape. This subdomain also contains one disulfide bridge (cys1-cys2) [1,3]. The lipid-binding cavity is formed primarily by the A and C sheets and a small section of the helical domain. It is roughly funnel- or cup-shaped. The phosphatidylcholine, L1, binds in a large loop at the narrow end of the lipid ‘funnel’. This loop region is stabilized on both ends by the N-sheet disulfide bridges. L2 is located in a nonpolar region of the protein and has hydrophobic interactions with residues from the N sheet. The other part of the binding site derives from the A sheet and includes side chains from the LV1c.

Some proteins known to contain a vitellogenin domain are listed below:

• Insect apolipophorin II/I precursor (apoLp-II/I), which mediates transport for various types of lipids in hemolymph. It acts by forming lipoprotein particles that bind lipoproteins and lipids.
• Human apolipoprotein B (apoB), which is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor
• Invertebrate and vertebrate vitellogenins (VTG), which is precursor of the egg-yolk proteins that are sources of nutrients during during early development of oviparous organisms.
• The large subunit of mammalian microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which catalyzes the transport of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and phospholipid between phospholipid surfaces. It is required for the secretion of plasma lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B.

We developed a profile for this domain, that spans the whole LV1n domain.

Last update:

May 2006 / First entry.

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

VITELLOGENIN, PS51211; Vitellogenin domain profile  (MATRIX)

• Sequences in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot known to belong to this class: 44
  • detected by PS51211: 39 (true positives)
  • undetected by PS51211: 5 (0 false negative and 5 'partials')
• Other sequence(s) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot detected by PS51211:
  NONE.
• Domain architecture view of Swiss-Prot proteins matching PS51211
  
• Retrieve an alignment of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
  Clustal format, color, condensed view  /  Clustal format, color  /  Clustal format, plain text  /  Fasta format
• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic distribution of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS51211
• Retrieve a list of all UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot + TrEMBL) entries matching PS51211
• Scan UniProtKB (Swiss-Prot and/or TrEMBL) entries against PS51211
• View ligand binding statistics of PS51211
• Matching PDB structures: 1LSH [ALL]

1	Authors	Anderson T.A., Levitt D.G., Banaszak L.J.
	Title	The structural basis of lipid interactions in lipovitellin, a soluble lipoprotein.
	Source	Structure 6:895-909(1998).
	PubMed ID	9687371

2	Authors	Mann C.J., Anderson T.A., Read J., Chester S.A., Harrison G.B., Kochl S., Ritchie P.J., Bradbury P., Hussain F.S., Amey J., Vanloo B., Rosseneu M., Infante R., Hancock J.M., Levitt D.G., Banaszak L.J., Scott J., Shoulders C.C.
	Title	The structure of vitellogenin provides a molecular model for the assembly and secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins.
	Source	J. Mol. Biol. 285:391-408(1999).
	PubMed ID	9878414
	DOI	10.1006/jmbi.1998.2298

3	Authors	Babin P.J., Bogerd J., Kooiman F.P., Van Marrewijk W.J.A., Van der Horst D.J.
	Title	Apolipophorin II/I, apolipoprotein B, vitellogenin, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes are derived from a common ancestor.
	Source	J. Mol. Evol. 49:150-160(1999).
	PubMed ID	10368443

4	Authors	Thompson J.R., Banaszak L.J.
	Title	Lipid-protein interactions in lipovitellin.
	Source	Biochemistry 41:9398-9409(2002).
	PubMed ID	12135361
	DOI	10.1021/bi025674w

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