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PROSITE documentation PDOC00839 [for PROSITE entry PS51910] |
The glycosyl hydrolases family 18 (GH18) [E1] is widely distributed in all kingdoms, including viruses, bacteria, plants, fungi and animals. The GH18 family contains hydrolytic enzymes with chitinase or endo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (ENGase) activity as well as chitinase like lectins (chi-lectins/proteins (CLPs). Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are hydrolytic enzymes that cleave the β-1,4-bond releasing oligomeric, dimeric (chitobiose) or monomeric (N-actetylglucosamine, GlcNAc) products. ENGases (EC 3.2.1.96) hydrolyze the β-1,4 linkage in the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans from glycoproteins leaving one GlcNAc residue on the substrate. CLPs do not display chitinase activity but some of them have been reported to have specific functions and carbohydrate binding property. The catalytic domain of GH18s may be connected to one or several substrate binding modules (CBMs), which enhance binding of enzymes to insoluble substrates. Certain GH18s also contain peptide signals for localization such as an N-terminal secretion peptide, a C-terminal glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal for attachment to the plasma-membrane, or N- or O-linked glycosylation sites for oligosaccharide modifications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].
The catalytic domain of GH18s has a common (β/α)8 triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)-barrel structure, which consists of a barrel-like framework made from eight internal parallel β-strands that are alternately connected by eight exterior α helices (see <PDB:4LGX>). The active site motif DxxDxDxE is essential for the activity of the GH18 catalytic domain. The Glu (E) in this motif acts as the catalytic proton donor, and the last Asp (D(3)) is supposed to contribute to the stabilization of the essential distortion of the substrate [3,4,5,6,7].
We used a region centered around the active site motif as a signature pattern and we have also developed a profile that covers the entire GH18 catalytic domain.
Expert(s) to contact by email: Last update:October 2019 / Text revised; profile added.
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PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
1 | Authors | Badariotti F. Lelong C. Dubos M.-P. Favrel P. |
Title | Identification of three singular glycosyl hydrolase family 18 members from the oyster Crassostrea gigas: Structural characterization, phylogenetic analysis and gene expression. | |
Source | Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 158B:56-63(2011). | |
PubMed ID | 20868765 | |
DOI | 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.09.009 |
2 | Authors | Tzelepis G.D. Melin P. Jensen D.F. Stenlid J. Karlsson M. |
Title | Functional analysis of glycoside hydrolase family 18 and 20 genes in Neurospora crassa. | |
Source | Fungal. Genet. Biol. 49:717-730(2012). | |
PubMed ID | 22796096 | |
DOI | 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.06.013 |
3 | Authors | Terwisscha van Scheltinga A.C. Hennig M. Dijkstra B.W. |
Title | The 1.8 A resolution structure of hevamine, a plant chitinase/lysozyme, and analysis of the conserved sequence and structure motifs of glycosyl hydrolase family 18. | |
Source | J. Mol. Biol. 262:243-257(1996). | |
PubMed ID | 8831791 | |
DOI | 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0510 |
4 | Authors | Tsuji H. Nishimura S. Inui T. Kado Y. Ishikawa K. Nakamura T. Uegaki K. |
Title | Kinetic and crystallographic analyses of the catalytic domain of chitinase from Pyrococcus furiosus- the role of conserved residues in the active site. | |
Source | FEBS. J. 277:2683-2695(2010). | |
PubMed ID | 20553502 | |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1742-464X.2010.07685.x |
5 | Authors | Schimpl M. Rush C.L. Betou M. Eggleston I.M. Recklies A.D. van Aalten D.M.F. |
Title | Human YKL-39 is a pseudo-chitinase with retained chitooligosaccharide-binding properties. | |
Source | Biochem. J. 446:149-157(2012). | |
PubMed ID | 22742450 | |
DOI | 10.1042/BJ20120377 |
6 | Authors | Stals I. Karkehabadi S. Kim S. Ward M. Van Landschoot A. Devreese B. Sandgren M. |
Title | High resolution crystal structure of the endo-N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase responsible for the deglycosylation of Hypocrea jecorina cellulases. | |
Source | PLoS One. 7:E40854-E40854(2012). | |
PubMed ID | 22859955 | |
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0040854 |
7 | Authors | Madhuprakash J. Singh A. Kumar S. Sinha M. Kaur P. Sharma S. Podile A.R. Singh T.P. |
Title | Structure of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans reveals the structural basis of its dual action of hydrolysis and transglycosylation. | |
Source | Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 4:166-178(2013). | |
PubMed ID | 24380021 |
8 | Authors | Patil D.N. Datta M. Dev A. Dhindwal S. Singh N. Dasauni P. Kundu S. Sharma A.K. Tomar S. Kumar P. |
Title | Structural investigation of a novel N-acetyl glucosamine binding chi-lectin which reveals evolutionary relationship with class III chitinases. | |
Source | PLoS One. 8:E63779-E63779(2013). | |
PubMed ID | 23717482 | |
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0063779 |
9 | Authors | Junges A. Boldo J.T. Souza B.K. Guedes R.L.M. Sbaraini N. Kmetzsch L. Thompson C.E. Staats C.C. de Almeida L.G.P. de Vasconcelos A.T.R. Vainstein M.H. Schrank A. |
Title | Genomic analyses and transcriptional profiles of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. | |
Source | PLoS One. 9:E107864-E107864(2014). | |
PubMed ID | 25232743 | |
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0107864 |
E1 | Source | http://www.cazy.org/GH18.html |