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PROSITE documentation PDOC00104

Adenylate kinase signature

Description:

Adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) (AK) [1] is a small monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of MgATP to AMP (MgATP + AMP = MgADP + ADP). In mammals there are three different isozymes:

  • AK1 (or myokinase), which is cytosolic.
  • AK2, which is located in the outer compartment of mitochondria.
  • AK3 (or GTP:AMP phosphotransferase), which is located in the mitochondrial matrix and which uses MgGTP instead of MgATP.

The sequence of AK has also been obtained from different bacterial species and from plants and fungi.

Two other enzymes have been found to be evolutionary related to AK. These are:

  • Yeast uridylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.-) (UK) (gene URA6) [2] which catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to UMP to form UDP and ADP.
  • Slime mold UMP-CMP kinase (EC 2.7.4.14) [3] which catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to either CMP or UMP to form CDP or UDP and ADP.

Several regions of AK family enzymes are well conserved, including the ATP-binding domains. We have selected the most conserved of all regions as a signature for this type of enzyme. This region includes an aspartic acid residue that is part of the catalytic cleft of the enzyme and that is involved in a salt bridge. It also includes an arginine residue whose modification leads to inactivation of the enzyme.

Note:

Archaebacterial AK do not belong to this family [4].

Last update:

May 2004 / Text revised.

Technical section:

PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

ADENYLATE_KINASE, PS00113; Adenylate kinase signature  (PATTERN)
Consensus pattern: [LIVMFYWCA]-[LIVMFYW](2)-D-G-[FYI]-P-R-x(3)-[NQ]
The R is an active site residue] [The D is involved in a salt bridge
Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except for Schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke) and Yersinia enterocolitica AK
Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.
• Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:
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• Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment
• Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00113
• Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS00113
• Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS00113
• view ligand binding statistics
Matching PDB structures: 1AK2 1AKE 1AKY 1ANK ... [ALL]

References:

1 AuthorsSchulz G.E.
TitleStructural and functional relationships in the adenylate kinase family.
SourceCold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 52:429-439(1987).
PubMed ID2841070
2 AuthorsLiljelund P., Sanni A., Friesen J.D., Lacroute F.
TitlePrimary structure of the S. cerevisiae gene encoding uridine monophosphokinase.
SourceBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165:464-473(1989).
PubMed ID2556145
3 AuthorsWiesmueller L., Noegel A.A., Barzu O., Gerisch G., Schleicher M.
SourceJ. Biol. Chem. 265:6339-6345(1990).
4 AuthorsKath T.H., Schmid R., Schaefer G.
TitleIdentification, cloning, and expression of the gene for adenylate kinase from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
SourceArch. Biochem. Biophys. 307:405-410(1993).
PubMed ID8274029

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