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Ankyrin repeats (ANK) are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids. They occur in a large number of functionally diverse proteins mainly from eukaryotes. The few known examples from prokaryotes and viruses may be the result of horizontal gene transfers [1].

Many ankyrin repeat regions are known to function as protein-protein interaction domains.

The conserved fold of the ankyrin repeat unit is known from several crystal and solution structures, e.g. from:

• p53-binding protein 53BP2 [2],
• Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d [3],
• Transcriptional regulator GABP-β [4],
• NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkB-α [5].

It has been described as an L-shaped structure consisting of a β-hairpin and two α-helices [2].

Two profiles were developed for this module, the first one picks up ANK repeats while the second profile is 'circular' and will thus detect a region containing adjacent ANK repeats.

December 2001 / First entry.

PROSITE methods (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:

ANK_REPEAT, PS50088; Ankyrin repeat profile  (MATRIX)

Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the repeat profile: ALL Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

• Domain architecture view of Swiss-Prot proteins matching PS50088 • Retrieve an alignment of Swiss-Prot true positive hits:   Clustal format, color, condensed view  / Clustal format, color  / Clustal format, plain text  / Fasta format • Retrieve the sequence logo from the alignment • Taxonomic tree view of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS50088 • Retrieve a list of all Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries matching PS50088 • Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS50088 • view ligand binding statistics

Matching PDB structures: 1AP7 1AWC 1BD8 1BI7 ... [ALL]

ANK_REP_REGION, PS50297; Ankyrin repeat region circular profile  (MATRIX)

Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the circular profile: ALL Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: NONE.

• Domain architecture view of Swiss-Prot proteins matching PS50297 • Scan Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL entries against PS50297 • view ligand binding statistics

Matching PDB structures: 1A5E 1AP7 1AWC 1BD8 ... [ALL]

1	Authors	Bork P.
	Title	Hundreds of ankyrin-like repeats in functionally diverse proteins: mobile modules that cross phyla horizontally?
	Source	Proteins 17:363-374(1993).
	PubMed ID	8108379

2	Authors	Gorina S., Pavletich N.P.
	Title	Structure of the p53 tumor suppressor bound to the ankyrin and SH3 domains of 53BP2.
	Source	Science 274:1001-1005(1996).
	PubMed ID	8875926

3	Authors	Luh F.Y., Archer S.J., Domaille P.J., Smith B.O., Owen D., Brotherton D.H., Raine A.R., Xu X., Brizuela L., Brenner S.L., Laue E.D.
	Title	Structure of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d.
	Source	Nature 389:999-1003(1997).
	PubMed ID	9353127
	DOI	10.1038/40202

4	Authors	Batchelor A.H., Piper D.E., de la Brousse F.C., McKnight S.L., Wolberger C.
	Title	The structure of GABPalpha/beta: an ETS domain- ankyrin repeat heterodimer bound to DNA.
	Source	Science 279:1037-1041(1998).
	PubMed ID	9461436

5	Authors	Jacobs M.D., Harrison S.C.
	Title	Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex.
	Source	Cell 95:749-758(1998).
	PubMed ID	9865693

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