PROSITE documentation PDOC00110Lipases, serine active site
Triglyceride lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) [1] are lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyzes the ester bond of triglycerides. Lipases are widely distributed in animals, plants and prokaryotes. In higher vertebrates there are at least three tissue-specific isozymes: pancreatic, hepatic, and gastric/lingual. These three types of lipases are closely related to each other as well as to lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) [2], which hydrolyzes triglycerides of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).
The most conserved region in all these proteins is centered around a serine residue which has been shown [3] to participate, with an histidine and an aspartic acid residue, to a charge relay system. Such a region is also present in lipases of prokaryotic origin and in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) (LCAT) [4], which catalyzes fatty acid transfer between phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. We have built a pattern from that region.
Note:Drosophila vitellogenins are also related to lipases [5], but they have lost their active site serine.
Last update:December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Chapus C. Rovery M. Sarda L. Verger R. |
| Title | Minireview on pancreatic lipase and colipase. | |
| Source | Biochimie 70:1223-1234(1988). | |
| PubMed ID | 3147715 |
| 2 | Authors | Persson B. Bengtsson-Olivecrona G. Enerback S. Olivecrona T. Jornvall H. |
| Title | Structural features of lipoprotein lipase. Lipase family relationships, binding interactions, non-equivalence of lipase cofactors, vitellogenin similarities and functional subdivision of lipoprotein lipase. | |
| Source | Eur. J. Biochem. 179:39-45(1989). | |
| PubMed ID | 2917565 |
| 3 | Authors | Blow D. |
| Title | Enzymology. More of the catalytic triad. | |
| Source | Nature 343:694-695(1990). | |
| PubMed ID | 2304545 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/343694a0 |
| 4 | Authors | McLean J. Fielding C. Drayna D. Dieplinger H. Baer B. Kohr W. Henzel W. Lawn R. |
| Title | Cloning and expression of human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase cDNA. | |
| Source | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:2335-2339(1986). | |
| PubMed ID | 3458198 |
| 5 | Authors | Baker M.E. |
| Title | Is vitellogenin an ancestor of apolipoprotein B-100 of human low-density lipoprotein and human lipoprotein lipase? | |
| Source | Biochem. J. 255:1057-1060(1988). | |
| PubMed ID | 3145737 |
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